Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 - box 2450, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 - box 2450, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
J Environ Manage. 2020 May 1;261:110216. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110216. Epub 2020 Mar 2.
In Europe, 23% of the generated municipal solid waste (MSW) was landfilled in 2017. Despite the landfill targets which define waste and landfill requirements, there is still high variability in the waste management performance between EU Member States. Aim of the study was to give an overview of the variability of environmental impacts of MSW sanitary landfills in Europe in relation to the different levels of implementation of the requirements. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was adopted as tool to define the impacts of the different landfill conditions over a 100-year period. Based on previous studies, consistent methodological choices were made to allow comparability of the results. Four reference cases were defined based on average bulk MSW compositions to represent the European conditions, with L values of 18, 61, 90 and 138 [m CH/t waste]. Furthermore, multiple scenario analysis was used to increase the relevance of the assessment and address the variability of site-specific factors, such as waste composition, climatic conditions and landfill management, which influence the impacts of landfills. Results of the study showed the range of potential impacts in Europe in relation to the variation of influencing factors, with values for climate change ranging from 124 to 841 kg CO2 eq., and with environmental savings obtained for categories such as ecotoxicity and human toxicity for scenarios with landfill gas - to - energy (LFGTE) solutions. The results emphasized the dependence of landfill impacts on waste composition, but also on the LFG treatment and climatic conditions. The outcome of the study also highlight how low amounts of biodegradable fractions reduce the impacts of landfills, as well as their variability in relation to leachate production rates or LFG treatment solutions. Therefore the overall results support the current targets and requirements reported in the Waste Directive 2008/98/EC, Circular Economy package and Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC.
在欧洲，2017 年有 23%的城市固体废物（MSW）被填埋。尽管有垃圾和填埋要求的目标定义，但欧盟成员国之间的废物管理绩效仍存在很大差异。本研究的目的是概述欧洲 MSW 卫生填埋场的环境影响的可变性，以及要求的不同实施水平。生命周期评估（LCA）被用作工具，以定义在 100 年内不同填埋条件对环境的影响。基于以前的研究，做出了一致的方法选择，以允许结果的可比性。基于平均大宗 MSW 成分，定义了四个参考案例，以代表欧洲的条件，L 值分别为 18、61、90 和 138[mCH/t 废物]。此外，还使用了多情景分析来增加评估的相关性，并解决特定场地因素的可变性，如废物成分、气候条件和填埋场管理，这些因素影响填埋场的影响。研究结果显示了欧洲在与影响因素变化相关的潜在影响范围，气候变化的范围从 124 到 841kg CO2eq，对于具有填埋气到能源（LFGTE）解决方案的情景，在生态毒性和人类毒性等类别中获得了环境节约。研究结果强调了填埋场影响对废物成分的依赖性，但也对 LFG 处理和气候条件的依赖性。研究结果还突出了可生物降解成分的含量如何降低填埋场的影响，以及它们与浸出液产生速率或 LFG 处理解决方案相关的可变性。因此，总体结果支持 2008/98/EC 号废物指令、循环经济一揽子计划和 1999/31/EC 号填埋指令中报告的当前目标和要求。
