School of Management, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; Harvard China Project, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, MA, 02138, United States.
School of Management, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China.
J Environ Manage. 2020 May 1;261:110231. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110231. Epub 2020 Mar 2.
Owing to uneven development and unbalanced resource endowments within China, ensuring reliable energy, water and food supply is a core challenge to regional socio-economic development. This study makes a first attempt to examine and compare demand-driven energy, water and arable land (E-W-L) resource outsourcings within China based on the latest multi-regional input-output model. Results show that interprovincial trade reallocated 73.4%, 33.9% and 38.1% of the national total E-W-L resource inputs in 2012, respectively. Investment was the dominant final demand category for driving energy requirements, while consumption was the leading final demand category for water and arable land requirements. Important provincial regions and critical transmission sectors for the trade of embodied E-W-L resources are identified. Substantial E-W-L resources were transferred from the central and western regions to the eastern regions. Especially, Inner Mongolia was the top interregional net exporter of embodied energy, while Jiangsu topped the net importer list. Regarding virtual water transfer, Xinjiang and Shandong were the biggest interregional net exporters and net importers, respectively, while Heilongjiang and Guangdong stood out in the net trade of embodied arable land. Owing to the impact of interprovincial trade, the resource occupancy levels of the eastern developed area were much higher than those of the northeastern, central and western areas. The imbalances in the levels of socio-economic development amongst provincial regions are mirrored by their patterns of E-W-L uses and related trade transfer. Understanding the synchronal outsourcings of E-W-L resource requirements provides important implications for targeted resource management in Chinese interprovincial supply chains.
由于中国内部发展不平衡和资源配置不均，确保可靠的能源、水和粮食供应是区域社会经济发展的核心挑战。本研究首次尝试根据最新的多区域投入产出模型，考察和比较中国内部需求驱动的能源、水和耕地（E-W-L）资源外包情况。结果表明，2012 年，省际贸易分别重新分配了全国 E-W-L 资源投入的 73.4%、33.9%和 38.1%。投资是驱动能源需求的主要最终需求类别，而消费是水和耕地需求的主要最终需求类别。确定了省内贸易中体现的 E-W-L 资源的重要省级区域和关键传输部门。大量的 E-W-L 资源从中西部地区转移到东部地区。特别是，内蒙古是体现能源的最大省内净出口地区，而江苏则是体现能源的最大省内净进口地区。关于虚拟水转移，新疆和山东分别是最大的省内净出口和净进口地区，而黑龙江和广东在体现耕地的净贸易中脱颖而出。由于省际贸易的影响，发达东部地区的资源占用水平远高于东北、中部和西部地区。省级区域之间社会经济发展水平的不平衡反映在它们的 E-W-L 使用模式和相关贸易转移上。了解 E-W-L 资源需求的同步外包对中国省内供应链的有针对性的资源管理具有重要意义。
