Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR01ES14 Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia.
Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia.
Environ Technol. 2021 Sep;42(23):3651-3662. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1740332. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
The phosphate fertilizer and phosphoric acid industries increase phosphogypsum levels in the aquatic environment leading to various disturbing effects. In the present work, we investigated the bio-uptake of heavy metals following the exposure of to three concentrations of phosphogypsum, 10, 20 and 40 g kg, under laboratory conditions. The amounts of Zn, Cd and Pb in several organs of the clam was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Phosphogypsum acts on the behaviour of by increasing filtration rates. The most treatments showed significantly higher metal concentration in all tissues than the controls. Excavation behaviour was altered in treated bivalves compared to controls. The filtration rate (FR) of clams was significantly affected by exposure to phosphogypsum. Indeed, FR increased in clams exposed to phosphogypsum. Phosphogypsum has decreased SOD, CAT and MDA activities in the gills, digestive gland, gonad and muscles according to the concentration indicating a defense against oxidative stress. AChE was significantly inhibited in clams from all the sampling sites compared to controls. The considered parameters could be useful biomarkers for the evaluation of phosphogypsum toxicity in threatened biota. This study was conducted as part of a further investigation into the use of a comprehensive approach combining chemical and biological parameters to assess the health status of the Gabes gulf population. It provides the first database referring to phosphogypsum contamination and its biological effect in this ecosystem. The present study fills in a needed gap in the literature.
磷肥和磷酸工业增加了磷石膏在水生态环境中的含量，导致了各种令人不安的影响。在本工作中，我们研究了在实验室条件下，贻贝暴露于三种磷石膏浓度（10、20 和 40 g kg）下重金属的生物吸收情况。使用电感耦合等离子体光学发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定贻贝体内 Zn、Cd 和 Pb 的含量。磷石膏通过增加过滤率来影响贻贝的行为。与对照组相比，所有处理组在所有组织中的金属浓度均显著升高。与对照组相比，处理组的双壳类动物的挖掘行为发生了改变。贻贝的过滤率（FR）受到磷石膏暴露的显著影响。事实上，暴露于磷石膏的贻贝的 FR 增加了。磷石膏降低了鳃、消化腺、性腺和肌肉中的 SOD、CAT 和 MDA 活性，这表明存在抗氧化应激的防御机制。与对照组相比，所有采样点的贻贝的 AChE 均受到显著抑制。考虑到这些参数可以作为评估受威胁生物群中磷石膏毒性的有用生物标志物。本研究是进一步研究的一部分，该研究采用了一种综合方法，结合化学和生物参数来评估加贝斯湾的生物健康状况。它提供了该生态系统中磷石膏污染及其生物学效应的第一个数据库。本研究填补了文献中的一个空白。
