Department of Psychology, University of Denver.
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2020 May;88(5):402-415. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000486. Epub 2020 Mar 9.
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents report elevated risk for psychopathology. Identifying as a racial/ethnic minority and sexual minority (SM) or gender minority (GM) may lead to greater stress/discrimination and psychopathology. We examined nonsuicidal self-injury, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts (i.e., self-injurious thoughts and behaviors [SITBs]) and depressive symptoms across intersections of sexual orientation, gender, and race/ethnicity.
Study participants consisted of a large (n = 2,948; 59% GM) sample of adolescents aged 14-18 who were recruited online to complete a cross-sectional survey. SGM status, race/ethnicity, and their interactions were used to predict depressive symptoms and SITBs. Associations among race/ethnicity and GM-specific psychosocial factors were assessed.
SM (B = 3.75) and GM (B = 8.81) participants reported higher depressive symptoms and SITB histories (odds ratios [ORs] from 1.92 to 2.43 and 2.87 to 5.44, respectively). Asian participants were less likely to report nonsuicidal self-injury (OR = 0.45), and Latinx participants were more likely to report suicide attempts (OR = 1.50). Although omnibus tests of interactions were largely insignificant, exploratory analyses revealed fewer depressive symptoms (B = -8.40) and SITBs (ORs from -0.95 to -2.05) among Black SM participants and, at times, Black GM participants. This protective effect may relate to lower self-reported expectations of rejection due to gender.
GM participants reported the highest risk for depressive symptoms and SITBs. Contrary to hypotheses, multiple minority identification was not associated with greater psychopathology. Future research, assessing specific sexual and gender identities across diverse samples, is needed to highlight how race affects psychopathology risk across these identities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
性少数群体（SGM）青少年报告有更高的精神病理学风险。认定为种族/民族少数群体和性少数群体（SM）或性别少数群体（GM）可能会导致更大的压力/歧视和精神病理学。我们研究了非自杀性自伤、自杀意念和自杀企图（即自伤思想和行为[SITB]）以及抑郁症状，这些症状跨越了性取向、性别和种族/民族的交叉点。
研究参与者包括一个由 14-18 岁的青少年组成的大型在线样本（n=2948；59%的 GM），他们完成了一项横断面调查。使用 SGM 状况、种族/民族及其相互作用来预测抑郁症状和 SITB。评估了种族/民族和 GM 特定心理社会因素之间的关联。
SM（B=3.75）和 GM（B=8.81）参与者报告的抑郁症状和 SITB 发生率更高（比值比[OR]从 1.92 到 2.43 和 2.87 到 5.44）。亚洲参与者报告非自杀性自伤的可能性较低（OR=0.45），拉丁裔参与者报告自杀企图的可能性较高（OR=1.50）。虽然相互作用的总体测试大多不显著，但探索性分析显示，黑人 SM 参与者和有时黑人 GM 参与者的抑郁症状（B=-8.40）和 SITB（OR 从-0.95 到-2.05）较少。这种保护作用可能与由于性别而导致的自我报告的拒绝期望较低有关。
GM 参与者报告了最高的抑郁症状和 SITB 风险。与假设相反，多种少数群体的身份与更大的精神病理学无关。需要对不同样本中的特定性和性别认同进行未来研究，以突出种族如何影响这些认同的精神病理学风险。
