Institute of Psychology.
Una Biological Reserve.
J Comp Psychol. 2020 Aug;134(3):349-360. doi: 10.1037/com0000219. Epub 2020 Mar 9.
The study of personality in nonhuman primates has increased substantially, but most studies so far have been conducted with captive animals. In addition, few studies investigated the personality of Neotropical (Platyrrhini) monkeys. If we aim at investigating the ecological and social significance of personality in nonhuman primates, conducting studies of wild populations and covering a wide range of taxa is essential. In this study, we analyzed the personality structure of a wild group of Neotropical monkeys, the yellow-breasted capuchin (). We adopted two widespread methods: trait rating, using the Hominoid Personality Questionnaire, and behavioral coding, analyzing 13 behaviors and 3 derived variables. We described 3 traits with trait rating, labeled Openness-Neuroticism, Assertiveness, and Attentiveness-Sociability. We also described 3 traits with behavioral coding, labeled Prosociality, Aggressiveness, and Reactivity to Humans. Comparing both methods we found not only broad convergences between the structures obtained (e.g., both showed prosocial and aggressive traits) but also some differences (e.g., Openness-Neuroticism was not clearly defined with behavioral coding), concluding that combining both methods provided complementary findings. Some socioecological variables seem to influence the expression of personality in captive versus wild living monkeys. For example, in our study, assertive individuals were more vigilant, whereas in the studies in captivity, neurotic individuals were more vigilant. These questions highlight the need for more research in wild conditions and enlarging the number of species and populations studied. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
对非人类灵长类动物的个性研究有了很大的增加，但到目前为止，大多数研究都是在圈养动物中进行的。此外，很少有研究调查新热带（阔鼻猴）猴子的个性。如果我们旨在调查非人类灵长类动物个性的生态和社会意义，那么对野生动物种群进行研究并涵盖广泛的分类群是必不可少的。在这项研究中，我们分析了新热带猴野生群体的个性结构，即黄胸卷尾猴（）。我们采用了两种广泛使用的方法：特质评分，使用类人猿人格问卷（Hominoid Personality Questionnaire），以及行为编码，分析了 13 种行为和 3 个衍生变量。我们通过特质评分描述了 3 个特质，分别是开放性-神经质、果断性和关注-社交性。我们还通过行为编码描述了 3 个特质，分别是亲社会性、攻击性和对人类的反应性。通过比较这两种方法，我们不仅发现了两种方法获得的结构之间存在广泛的一致性（例如，两者都表现出亲社会和攻击性的特质），而且还发现了一些差异（例如，开放性-神经质特质用行为编码无法明确界定），这表明结合两种方法可以提供互补的发现。一些社会生态变量似乎会影响圈养和野生生活猴子个性的表达。例如，在我们的研究中，果断的个体更警觉，而在圈养研究中，神经质的个体更警觉。这些问题突出表明，需要在野生条件下进行更多的研究，并扩大研究的物种和种群数量。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。
