College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.
PLoS One. 2020 Mar 9;15(3):e0229341. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229341. eCollection 2020.
Very poor reclaimed soil quality and weak microbial activity occur in the reclamation area of a coal gangue landfill in the Loess Hills. The fourth and fifth years after farmland soil was reclaimed were studied, and the changes in and carbon source utilization characteristics of rhizosphere (R) and non-rhizosphere (S) soil microorganisms under organic and inorganic (OF), inorganic (F), and organic (O) fertilizer application and a control treatment (CK) in soybean (S) and maize (M) rotation systems were compared and analysed in Guljiao Tunlan, Shanxi Province, China. Biolog-EcoPlate technology was used to analyse the mechanism of soil characteristic change from the perspective of soil microbial metabolism function to provide a theoretical basis for reclamation and ecological reconstruction in this area. The average well colour development (AWCD) absorption and Shannon-Wiener index values of soybean and maize rhizosphere microorganisms were higher than those of non-rhizosphere microorganisms, and the mean value of the fertilizer treatment was higher than that for CK. Principal component analysis shows the main carbon sources that impact the functional diversity of the soybean rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil communities are a-cyclodextrin, a-D-lactose, ß-methyl D-glucoside, and glucose-1-phosphate and L-phenylalanine, while those for the maize rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil communities are D-cellobiose, glucose-1-phosphate, ß-methyl D-glucoside, methyl pyruvate, D-galactosate gamma lactone, D-mannitol, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-galactosalonic acid, and L-serine. The comprehensive utilization score of the non-rhizosphere soil carbon source in the maize season increased with respect to that in the soybean season, and the maximum increase was 1.09 under the OF treatment. Redundancy analysis showed that the soil nutrient factors driving the changes in the metabolic function diversity index values of the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil microbial communities in the different crop seasons in the reclamation area differed, but they were all related to the soil organic matter and available phosphorus. This may explain why OF treatment is the most beneficial to soil fertility under the rotation system in mining reclamation areas.
在黄土丘陵采煤矸石堆积区复垦土壤质量很差，微生物活性很弱。研究了复垦农田第四、五年后，在中国山西省古交屯兰，比较和分析了在大豆（S）和玉米（M）轮作系统中，有机无机（OF）、无机（F）和有机（O）肥处理及对照处理（CK）下，根际（R）和非根际（S）土壤微生物的碳源利用特性及变化。采用 Biolog-EcoPlate 技术从土壤微生物代谢功能的角度分析土壤特征变化的机制，为该地区的复垦和生态重建提供理论依据。大豆和玉米根际微生物的平均好氧颜色发展（AWCD）吸收值和 Shannon-Wiener 指数值均高于非根际微生物，肥料处理的平均值高于 CK。主成分分析表明，影响大豆根际和非根际土壤群落功能多样性的主要碳源是 α-环糊精、α-D-乳糖、β-甲基 D-葡萄糖苷和葡萄糖-1-磷酸和 L-苯丙氨酸，而玉米根际和非根际土壤群落的主要碳源是 D-纤维二糖、葡萄糖-1-磷酸、β-甲基 D-葡萄糖苷、甲基丙酮酸、D-半乳糖酸γ内酯、D-甘露醇、N-乙酰-D-葡萄糖胺、D-半乳糖醛酸和 L-丝氨酸。与大豆季相比，玉米季非根际土壤碳源的综合利用率增加，OF 处理下最大增加 1.09。冗余分析表明，不同作物季节复垦区根际和非根际土壤微生物群落代谢功能多样性指数值变化的土壤养分因子不同，但均与土壤有机质和有效磷有关。这可能解释了为什么 OF 处理在矿区复垦轮作系统中最有利于土壤肥力。
