Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
China North Vehicle Research Institute, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Beijing 10072, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Mar 5;21(5):1792. doi: 10.3390/ijms21051792.
Plants are associated with hundreds of thousands of microbes that are present outside on the surfaces or colonizing inside plant organs, such as leaves and roots. Plant-associated microbiota plays a vital role in regulating various biological processes and affects a wide range of traits involved in plant growth and development, as well as plant responses to adverse environmental conditions. An increasing number of studies have illustrated the important role of microbiota in crop plant growth and environmental stress resistance, which overall assists agricultural sustainability. Beneficial bacteria and fungi have been isolated and applied, which show potential applications in the improvement of agricultural technologies, as well as plant growth promotion and stress resistance, which all lead to enhanced crop yields. The symbioses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobia and species with their host plants have been intensively studied to provide mechanistic insights into the mutual beneficial relationship of plant-microbe interactions. With the advances in second generation sequencing and omic technologies, a number of important mechanisms underlying plant-microbe interactions have been unraveled. However, the associations of microbes with their host plants are more complicated than expected, and many questions remain without proper answers. These include the influence of microbiota on the allelochemical effect caused by one plant upon another via the production of chemical compounds, or how the monoculture of crops influences their rhizosphere microbial community and diversity, which in turn affects the crop growth and responses to environmental stresses. In this review, first, we systematically illustrate the impacts of beneficial microbiota, particularly beneficial bacteria and fungi on crop plant growth and development and, then, discuss the correlations between the beneficial microbiota and their host plants. Finally, we provide some perspectives for future studies on plant-microbe interactions.
植物与数十万种微生物相关联，这些微生物存在于植物表面或定植于植物器官（如叶片和根系）内部。植物相关微生物群落对于调节各种生物过程起着至关重要的作用，并影响到与植物生长和发育以及植物对不利环境条件的响应相关的广泛特征。越来越多的研究表明，微生物群在作物植物生长和环境胁迫抗性方面发挥着重要作用，这总体上有助于农业可持续性。已经分离和应用了有益细菌和真菌，它们在农业技术改进、植物生长促进和胁迫抗性方面具有潜在应用，所有这些都导致了作物产量的提高。丛枝菌根真菌、根瘤菌和内生菌与宿主植物的共生关系已得到深入研究，为植物-微生物相互作用的互利关系提供了机制见解。随着第二代测序和组学技术的进步，许多与植物-微生物相互作用相关的重要机制已经被揭示。然而，微生物与宿主植物的关联比预期的要复杂得多，许多问题仍然没有得到恰当的答案。这些问题包括微生物通过产生化合物对一种植物对另一种植物的化感作用的影响，或者作物的单一栽培如何影响其根际微生物群落和多样性，进而影响作物的生长和对环境胁迫的响应。在本综述中，首先，我们系统地阐述了有益微生物群（特别是有益细菌和真菌）对作物植物生长和发育的影响，然后讨论了有益微生物群与其宿主植物之间的相关性。最后，我们为植物-微生物相互作用的未来研究提供了一些观点。
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