Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Microbiol Res. 2021 Apr;245:126690. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126690. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
The rhizosphere microbiome is composed of diverse microbial organisms, including archaea, viruses, fungi, bacteria as well as eukaryotic microorganisms, which occupy a narrow region of soil directly associated with plant roots. The interactions between these microorganisms and the plant can be commensal, beneficial or pathogenic. These microorganisms can also interact with each other, either competitively or synergistically. Promoting plant growth by harnessing the soil microbiome holds tremendous potential for providing an environmentally friendly solution to the increasing food demands of the world's rapidly growing population, while also helping to alleviate the associated environmental and societal issues of large-scale food production. There recently have been many studies on the disease suppression and plant growth promoting abilities of the rhizosphere microbiome; however, these findings largely have not been translated into the field. Therefore, additional research into the dynamic interactions between crop plants, the rhizosphere microbiome and the environment are necessary to better guide the harnessing of the microbiome to increase crop yield and quality. This review explores the biotic and abiotic interactions that occur within the plant's rhizosphere as well as current agricultural practices, and how these biotic and abiotic factors, as well as human practices, impact the plant microbiome. Additionally, some limitations, safety considerations, and future directions to the study of the plant microbiome are discussed.
根际微生物组由包括古菌、病毒、真菌、细菌以及真核微生物在内的多种微生物组成，它们占据了与植物根系直接相关的土壤的一小部分区域。这些微生物与植物之间的相互作用可以是共生的、有益的或致病的。这些微生物也可以相互竞争或协同作用。利用土壤微生物组来促进植物生长，为满足世界上快速增长的人口对粮食日益增长的需求提供了一种环保解决方案，同时也有助于缓解大规模粮食生产带来的相关环境和社会问题。最近有许多关于根际微生物组的疾病抑制和植物生长促进能力的研究；然而，这些发现在很大程度上尚未转化为实际应用。因此，需要进一步研究作物植物、根际微生物组和环境之间的动态相互作用，以便更好地指导利用微生物组来提高作物产量和质量。本综述探讨了发生在植物根际的生物和非生物相互作用以及当前的农业实践，以及这些生物和非生物因素以及人类实践如何影响植物微生物组。此外，还讨论了植物微生物组研究的一些局限性、安全考虑因素和未来方向。
