Morell M A, Myers H F, Shapiro D, Goldstein I, Armstrong M
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.
Health Psychol. 1988;7(5):479-96. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.7.5.479.
Racial differences in physiological responses to a behavioral stressor were examined. Thirty-four Black and 42 White male normotensives 34 to 55 years old (mean age = 43.01 years) performed a mental arithmetic task while blood pressure, heart rate, and skin conductance were recorded. Compared to Whites, Blacks had significantly higher baseline diastolic blood pressure (77.93 mm Hg vs. 73.11 mm Hg) and lower skin conductance levels (11.08 microS vs. 12.25 microS). These effects persisted during performance of the mental arithmetic task. However, when baseline differences were covaried, there were no significant physiological effects associated with the task. Analysis of changes in response levels from baseline revealed a nonsignificant trend for Whites to show greater increases in systolic blood pressure than Blacks. There were no significant race or family history effects. Further, task performance did not influence the outcome. Failure to demonstrate greater cardiovascular reactivity in Blacks and all men with a positive family history of hypertension is discussed with regard to possible "survivor effects" and methodologic limitations.
研究了对行为应激源的生理反应中的种族差异。34名年龄在34至55岁（平均年龄 = 43.01岁）的黑人男性和42名白人男性正常血压者进行了心算任务，同时记录血压、心率和皮肤电导率。与白人相比，黑人的基线舒张压显著更高（77.93毫米汞柱对73.11毫米汞柱），皮肤电导率水平更低（11.08微西门子对12.25微西门子）。这些效应在执行心算任务期间持续存在。然而，当将基线差异作为协变量时，该任务没有显著的生理效应。对基线反应水平变化的分析显示，白人收缩压升高幅度大于黑人，但这种趋势不显著。没有显著的种族或家族史效应。此外，任务表现不影响结果。针对可能的“幸存者效应”和方法学局限性，讨论了未能在黑人以及所有有高血压家族史阳性的男性中证明更大的心血管反应性这一情况。
