Human Factors Engineering, Transportation Research Group, University of Southampton, UK.
Strathmore Business School, Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Accid Anal Prev. 2020 May;139:105491. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105491. Epub 2020 Mar 6.
This paper reports on an exploratory investigation of the influence of five different fatalistic belief constructs (divine control, luck, helplessness, internality, and general fatalism) on three classes of self-reported pedestrian behaviours (memory and attention errors, rule violations, and aggressive behaviours) and on respondents' general attitudes to road safety, and how relationships between constructs differ across countries. A survey of over 3400 respondents across Bangladesh, China, Kenya, Thailand, the UK, and Vietnam revealed a similar pattern for most of the relationships assessed, in most countries; those who reported higher fatalistic beliefs or more external attributions of causality also reported performing riskier pedestrian behaviours and holding more dangerous attitudes to road safety. The strengths of relationships between constructs did, however, differ by country, behaviour type, and aspect of fatalism. One particularly notable country difference was that in Bangladesh and, to a lesser extent, in Kenya, a stronger belief in divine influence over one's life was associated with safer attitudes and behaviours, whereas where significant relationships existed in the other countries the opposite was true. In some cases, the effect of fatalistic beliefs on self-reported behaviours was mediated through attitudes, in other cases the effect was direct. Results are discussed in terms of the need to consider the effect of locus of control and attributions of causality on attitudes and behaviours, and the need to understand the differences between countries therein.
本文报告了一项探索性研究，研究了五种不同的宿命信念结构（神控、运气、无助、内在性和普遍宿命论）对三类自我报告的行人行为（记忆和注意力错误、违反规则和攻击性行为）以及对受访者对道路安全的一般态度的影响，以及不同国家之间结构之间的关系如何不同。对孟加拉国、中国、肯尼亚、泰国、英国和越南的 3400 多名受访者进行的调查显示，在大多数国家，大多数评估的关系中都存在类似的模式；那些报告宿命信念较高或更外部归因于因果关系的人也报告了更危险的行人行为，并对道路安全持有更危险的态度。然而，结构之间关系的强度确实因国家、行为类型和宿命论方面而异。一个特别值得注意的国家差异是，在孟加拉国，在肯尼亚，对生活中神的影响有更强的信念与更安全的态度和行为有关，而在其他国家存在显著关系的情况下，情况则相反。在某些情况下，宿命信念对自我报告行为的影响是通过态度来介导的，在其他情况下则是直接的。研究结果从需要考虑控制源和因果归因对态度和行为的影响，以及需要理解国家之间的差异方面进行了讨论。
