Burnett A L, Epstein J I, Marshall F F
James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, Md.
Eur Urol. 1988;15(3-4):171-5. doi: 10.1159/000473426.
Debilitated, sometimes old, previously radiated patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder may present with many poor prognostic features including: high grade, diffuse, carcinoma; invasion of perivesical tissue; ureteral obstruction; a fixed pelvic mass, and vascular and lymphatic invasion. Improvements in anesthesia, medical management, and nutrition have allowed radical cystectomy and long-term survival in 4 such high risk patients with locally advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, including 1 patient who had excision of his urinary tract.
身体虚弱、有时年事已高、先前接受过放疗的膀胱移行细胞癌患者可能具有许多不良预后特征，包括：高级别、弥漫性癌；膀胱周围组织浸润；输尿管梗阻；盆腔肿块固定以及血管和淋巴管浸润。麻醉、医疗管理和营养方面的改善使4例局部晚期膀胱移行细胞癌的高危患者能够接受根治性膀胱切除术并长期存活，其中1例患者接受了尿路切除术。
