Ojiewo Chris O, Janila Pasupuleti, Bhatnagar-Mathur Pooja, Pandey Manish K, Desmae Haile, Okori Patrick, Mwololo James, Ajeigbe Hakeem, Njuguna-Mungai Esther, Muricho Geoffrey, Akpo Essegbemon, Gichohi-Wainaina Wanjiku N, Variath Murali T, Radhakrishnan Thankappan, Dobariya Kantilal L, Bera Sandip Kumar, Rathnakumar Arulthambi Luke, Manivannan Narayana, Vasanthi Ragur Pandu, Kumar Mallela Venkata Nagesh, Varshney Rajeev K
Research Program - Genetic Gains, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Nairobi, Kenya.
Research Program - Genetic Gains, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2020 Feb 21;11:29. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00029. eCollection 2020.
Groundnut is an important global food and oil crop that underpins agriculture-dependent livelihood strategies meeting food, nutrition, and income security. Aflatoxins, pose a major challenge to increased competitiveness of groundnut limiting access to lucrative markets and affecting populations that consume it. Other drivers of low competitiveness include allergens and limited shelf life occasioned by low oleic acid profile in the oil. Thus grain off-takers such as consumers, domestic, and export markets as well as processors need solutions to increase profitability of the grain. There are some technological solutions to these challenges and this review paper highlights advances in crop improvement to enhance groundnut grain quality and nutrient profile for food, nutrition, and economic benefits. Significant advances have been made in setting the stage for marker-assisted allele pyramiding for different aflatoxin resistance mechanisms- seed colonization, pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination, and aflatoxin production-which, together with pre- and post-harvest management practices, will go a long way in mitigating the aflatoxin menace. A breakthrough in aflatoxin control is in sight with overexpression of antifungal plant defensins, and through host-induced gene silencing in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. Similarly, genomic and biochemical approaches to allergen control are in good progress, with the identification of homologs of the allergen encoding genes and development of monoclonal antibody based ELISA protocol to screen for and quantify major allergens. Double mutation of the allotetraploid homeologous genes, and , has shown potential for achieving >75% oleic acid as demonstrated among introgression lines. Significant advances have been made in seed systems research to bridge the gap between trait discovery, deployment, and delivery through innovative partnerships and action learning.
花生是一种重要的全球粮食和油料作物，支撑着依赖农业的生计战略，满足粮食、营养和收入安全需求。黄曲霉毒素对提高花生的竞争力构成了重大挑战，限制了其进入利润丰厚的市场，并影响食用花生的人群。其他导致竞争力低下的因素包括过敏原以及由于油中油酸含量低而导致的保质期有限。因此，诸如消费者、国内和出口市场以及加工商等谷物承购方需要解决方案来提高谷物的盈利能力。针对这些挑战有一些技术解决方案，本综述论文重点介绍了作物改良方面的进展，以提高花生谷物质量和营养成分，实现食品、营养和经济效益。在为不同抗黄曲霉毒素机制（种子定殖、收获前黄曲霉毒素污染和黄曲霉毒素产生）的标记辅助等位基因聚合奠定基础方面已经取得了重大进展，这与收获前和收获后的管理措施一起，将在很大程度上减轻黄曲霉毒素的威胁。随着抗真菌植物防御素的过表达以及通过黄曲霉毒素生物合成途径中的宿主诱导基因沉默，黄曲霉毒素控制方面的突破指日可待。同样，过敏原控制的基因组和生化方法也取得了良好进展，已鉴定出过敏原编码基因的同源物，并开发了基于单克隆抗体的ELISA方案来筛选和定量主要过敏原。异源四倍体同源基因 和 的双突变已显示出在渐渗系中实现油酸含量>75%的潜力。在种子系统研究方面已经取得了重大进展，通过创新的伙伴关系和行动学习弥合了性状发现、部署和交付之间的差距。
