尼日利亚西南部青少年的营养状况与心脏代谢健康；研究结果
Nutritional status and Cardiometabolic health among adolescents; findings from southwestern Nigeria.
作者信息
Adeomi Adeleye Abiodun, Adelusi Iyanuoluwa Odunayo, Adedeji Praise Oluwatooni, Awofeso Adedoyin Esther, Oroleye Olajumoke Omotoyosi, Gbadegesin Doyinfunmi Lydia
机构信息
Community Health Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, College of Health Sciences, Ile-Ife, Osun State Nigeria.
出版信息
BMC Nutr. 2019 Dec 2;5:45. doi: 10.1186/s40795-019-0308-5. eCollection 2019.
BACKGROUND
Obesity has been associated with an increased risk for cardio-metabolic diseases. The prevalence of obesity among adolescents is increasing worldwide, including Nigeria, but only little data exist on the relationship of nutritional status with cardio-metabolic health among adolescents in Nigeria. This study therefore investigated the relationship of nutrition status, raised blood pressure, glucose intolerance and risk for metabolic diseases among adolescents in southwestern Nigeria.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 313 in-school adolescents in Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria. The respondents were selected using multi-stage sampling technique, and data were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaires. Anthropometric, blood pressure and random blood glucose measurements were done using standard protocols. Nutritional assessment was done using the World Health Organization (WHO) 2007 reference. Pre-hypertension and hypertension were measured using percentiles for gender, age and height. Analysis was done using IBM SPSS and the level of significance was set at ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS
The mean age of the respondents was 14.4 ± 2.0 years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 10.2%, and it was significantly higher among females (12.5%) than males (7.0%). The prevalence of systolic and diastolic pre-hypertension was 10.9 and 11.5% respectively, while the prevalence for systolic and diastolic hypertension were 14.4 and 8.6% respectively. Using WHtR to assess cardio-metabolic risk, 7.3% of the respondents were at risk. There were statistically significant relationships between BMI, WHtR and blood pressure levels (< 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of overweight/obesity among the adolescents was relatively high, and this was significantly associated with elevated blood pressure and increased risk for cardio-metabolic diseases. There is need for more interest and intervention by stakeholders into the cardio-metabolic health of adolescents in Nigeria.
背景
肥胖与心血管代谢疾病风险增加有关。全球范围内，包括尼日利亚在内，青少年肥胖患病率正在上升，但关于尼日利亚青少年营养状况与心血管代谢健康之间关系的数据却很少。因此，本研究调查了尼日利亚西南部青少年的营养状况、血压升高、葡萄糖不耐受与代谢疾病风险之间的关系。
方法
这是一项在尼日利亚西南部伊费的313名在校青少年中进行的横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样技术选取受访者，并使用预先测试的结构化问卷收集数据。使用标准方案进行人体测量、血压测量和随机血糖测量。使用世界卫生组织（WHO）2007年参考标准进行营养评估。使用性别、年龄和身高百分位数来测量高血压前期和高血压。使用IBM SPSS进行分析，显著性水平设定为≤0.05。
结果
受访者的平均年龄为14.4±2.0岁。超重和肥胖患病率为10.2%，女性（12.5%）显著高于男性（7.0%）。收缩压和舒张压高血压前期患病率分别为10.9%和11.5%，而收缩压和舒张压高血压患病率分别为14.4%和8.6%。使用腰臀比评估心血管代谢风险，7.3%的受访者处于风险中。体重指数、腰臀比与血压水平之间存在统计学显著关系（<0.05）。
结论
青少年中超重/肥胖患病率相对较高，这与血压升高和心血管代谢疾病风险增加显著相关。尼日利亚的利益相关者需要更多关注并干预青少年的心血管代谢健康。
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