Olatona Foluke A, Oloruntola Oyetola O, Adeniyi Oluwafunmilayo F, Amu Eyitope O
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
Int J MCH AIDS. 2022;11(1):e503. doi: 10.21106/ijma.503. Epub 2022 May 4.
Breakfast skipping has been associated with obesity among adolescents in some studies but little is known about the relationship between breakfast consumption and obesity among secondary-school adolescents in Nigeria. This study contributes to the empirical literature by analyzing the relationship between breakfast consumption and anthropometrically determined nutritional status of secondary-school adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria.
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which multi-stage sampling was used to select 397 secondary-school adolescents (10 to 19 years, mean = 13.8 ± 1.7 years). They were classified into student groups from public or private schools in Lagos. Data were collected using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Epi-info version 7. The independent variables were the proportion of adolescents who had a high level of knowledge about breakfast consumption, while the outcome variable was the proportion of adolescents who were overweight or obese. World Health Organization (WHO) AnthroPlus software was used to determine the nutritional status of adolescents. Mean and standard deviations were computed for continuous variables, and frequency tables were generated for categorical variables. Significant associations between variables were obtained using Chi-square with the level of significance set at p < 0.05.
Only 17% of the adolescents had good knowledge of breakfast consumption. More than half (57.4%) of the participants ate a daily breakfast. The percentage of adolescents who skipped breakfast was higher among older 16-19 years (52.2%) and middle 13-15 years (43%) than the younger adolescents (34.7%). Girls skipped breakfast more than boys. Most respondents were in the normal Body Mass Index (BMI) ranges for their genders. Prevalence of overweight and obesity were 7.1% and 3.3% among males and 7.1% and 2.8% among females respectively. The mean BMI of those who skipped breakfast (19.33 ± 3.27kg/m) was significantly higher than the BMI of those who ate breakfast (18.56 ± 3.05 kg/m) (p=0.019). Most of the adolescents who ate a daily breakfast had mothers who had completed only primary school education although the relationship was not statistically significant (χ =5, p=0.172).
Breakfast knowledge was low, while breakfast consumption was average. Adolescents who skipped breakfast had a significantly higher BMI (19.33 ± 3.27kg/m) than those who ate breakfast (18.56 ± 3.05 kg/m) (p=0.019). Nutrition education that emphasizes the importance of breakfast consumption with the purpose of behavioral change should be intensified among adolescents.
在一些研究中，不吃早餐与青少年肥胖有关，但对于尼日利亚中学青少年的早餐摄入与肥胖之间的关系却知之甚少。本研究通过分析尼日利亚拉各斯中学青少年的早餐摄入与通过人体测量确定的营养状况之间的关系，为实证文献做出了贡献。
这是一项描述性横断面研究，采用多阶段抽样方法选取了397名中学青少年（10至19岁，平均年龄 = 13.8 ± 1.7岁）。他们被分为来自拉各斯公立或私立学校的学生组。使用半结构化自填问卷收集数据，并使用Epi-info 7版本进行分析。自变量是对早餐摄入有高度了解的青少年比例，而结果变量是超重或肥胖的青少年比例。使用世界卫生组织（WHO）的AnthroPlus软件确定青少年的营养状况。计算连续变量的均值和标准差，并为分类变量生成频率表。使用卡方检验获得变量之间的显著关联，显著性水平设定为p < 0.05。
只有17%的青少年对早餐摄入有良好的了解。超过一半（57.4%）的参与者每天吃早餐。16 - 19岁（52.2%）和13 - 15岁（43%）的青少年中不吃早餐的比例高于年龄较小的青少年（34.7%）。女孩比男孩更常不吃早餐。大多数受访者的体重指数（BMI）处于其性别对应的正常范围内。男性超重和肥胖的患病率分别为7.1%和3.3%，女性分别为7.1%和2.8%。不吃早餐者的平均BMI（19.33 ± 3.27kg/m²）显著高于吃早餐者的BMI（18.56 ± 3.05 kg/m²）（p = 0.019）。大多数每天吃早餐的青少年的母亲仅完成了小学教育，尽管这种关系在统计学上不显著（χ² = 5，p = 0.172）。
早餐知识水平较低，而早餐摄入量处于平均水平。不吃早餐的青少年的BMI（19.33 ± 3.27kg/m²）显著高于吃早餐的青少年（18.56 ± 3.05 kg/m²）（p = 0.019）。应加强对青少年的营养教育，强调早餐摄入的重要性，以促使行为改变。
