Zhang Lu-Hua, Shi Yumeng, Wang Ye, Shiju N Raveendran
International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China.
Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam P.O. Box 94157 Amsterdam 1090GD The Netherlands.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2020 Jan 8;7(5):1902126. doi: 10.1002/advs.201902126. eCollection 2020 Mar.
Although carbon itself acts as a catalyst in various reactions, the classical carbon materials (e.g., activated carbons, carbon aerogels, carbon black, carbon fiber, etc.) usually show low activity, stability, and oxidation resistance. With the recent availability of nanocarbon catalysts, the application of carbon materials in catalysis has gained a renewed momentum. The research is concentrated on tailoring the surface chemistry of nanocarbon materials, since the pristine carbons in general are not active for heterogeneous catalysis. Surface functionalization, doping with heteroatoms, and creating defects are the most used strategies to make efficient catalysts. However, the nature of the catalytic active sites and their role in determining the activity and selectivity is still not well understood. Herein, the types of active sites reported for several mainstream nanocarbons, including carbon nanotubes, graphene-based materials, and 3D porous nanocarbons, are summarized. Knowledge about the active sites will be beneficial for the design and synthesis of nanocarbon catalysts with improved activity, selectivity, and stability.
尽管碳本身在各种反应中可作为催化剂，但传统的碳材料（如活性炭、碳气凝胶、炭黑、碳纤维等）通常表现出较低的活性、稳定性和抗氧化性。随着纳米碳催化剂的问世，碳材料在催化领域的应用再次获得了发展动力。研究集中在调整纳米碳材料的表面化学性质，因为一般来说，原始碳对多相催化没有活性。表面功能化、杂原子掺杂和制造缺陷是制备高效催化剂最常用的策略。然而，催化活性位点的性质及其在决定活性和选择性方面的作用仍未得到很好的理解。在此，总结了几种主流纳米碳（包括碳纳米管、石墨烯基材料和三维多孔纳米碳）所报道的活性位点类型。了解这些活性位点将有助于设计和合成具有更高活性、选择性和稳定性的纳米碳催化剂。
