Ruban Sujanya Maria, Ramadass Kavitha, Singh Gurwinder, Talapaneni Siddulu Naidu, Kamalakar Gunda, Gadipelly Chandrakanth Rajanna, Mannepalli Lakshmi Kantham, Sugi Yoshihiro, Vinu Ajayan
Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2023 Mar 28;24(1):2188879. doi: 10.1080/14686996.2023.2188879. eCollection 2023.
Carbon nitrides, a distinguished class of metal-free catalytic materials, have presented a good potential for chemical transformations and are expected to become prominent materials for organocatalysis. This is largely possible due to their low cost, exceptional thermal and chemical stability, non-toxicity, ease of functionalization, porosity development, etc. Especially, the carbon nitrides with increased porosity and nitrogen contents are more versatile than their bulk counterparts for catalysis. These N-rich carbon nitrides are discussed in the earlier parts of the review. Later, the review highlights the role of such carbon nitride materials for the various organic catalytic reactions including Knoevenagel condensation, oxidation, hydrogenation, esterification, transesterification, cycloaddition, and hydrolysis. The recently emerging concepts in carbon nitride-based organocatalysis have been given special attention. In each of the sections, the structure-property relationship of the materials was discussed and related to their catalysis action. Relevant comparisons with other catalytic materials are also discussed to realize their real potential value. The perspective, challenges, and future directions are also discussed. The overall objective of this review is to provide up-to-date information on new developments in carbon nitride-based organic catalysis reactions that could see them rising as prominent catalytic materials in the future.
碳氮化物是一类杰出的无金属催化材料，在化学转化方面展现出良好的潜力，有望成为有机催化领域的重要材料。这在很大程度上得益于它们成本低、具有出色的热稳定性和化学稳定性、无毒、易于功能化、可形成孔隙等特性。特别是，具有更高孔隙率和氮含量的碳氮化物在催化方面比其块状对应物更具通用性。本综述的前几部分讨论了这些富氮碳氮化物。随后，综述重点介绍了此类碳氮化物材料在各种有机催化反应中的作用，包括Knoevenagel缩合反应、氧化反应、氢化反应、酯化反应、酯交换反应、环加成反应和水解反应。基于碳氮化物的有机催化领域中最近出现的概念受到了特别关注。在每个章节中，都讨论了材料的结构-性能关系及其与催化作用的关联。还讨论了与其他催化材料的相关比较，以了解它们的实际潜在价值。此外，还探讨了前景、挑战和未来方向。本综述的总体目标是提供有关基于碳氮化物的有机催化反应新进展的最新信息，以期在未来使它们成为突出的催化材料。
