Depatment of Terrestrial Ecotoxicology, Eurofins Agroscience Services Ecotox GmbH, Niefern-Öschelbronn, Germany.
Eurofins Agroscience Services Ecotox GmbH, Niefern-Öschelbronn, Germany.
PLoS One. 2020 Mar 10;15(3):e0230155. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230155. eCollection 2020.
Agriculture is the dominating land-use in the EU member states covering nearly half of the surface area. Using herbicides to reduce weed competition in agricultural areas can adversely affect Non-Target Terrestrial Plants (NTTP) growing in field margins. According to the EFSA Scientific Opinion on NTTPs an important protection goal is to maintain the biodiversity of plant species in agricultural areas. EFSA recommends to include also non-crop species mentioned in OECD guidelines (OECD 208 and 227) in the testing and to assess not only vegetative but also generative endpoints during the plant life-cycle such as flowering and seed production. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of assessing generative endpoints of crop and non-crop species for NTTP regulatory testing under greenhouse conditions and to assess if generative endpoints are more sensitive than vegetative endpoints. The experimental design consisted of one control and four herbicide (Atlantis® WG) application rates, with 6 replicates each. The application rates of the test substance were the maximum field rate and 30%, 10% and 3% of the field rate. Biomass, plant height, flowering, seed production as well as seedling emergence of the F1 generation were assessed. The study shows a feasible approach to assess vegetative and generative endpoints of (non-) crops species under greenhouse conditions on the basis of the OECD guideline 227. The vegetative endpoints plant height and biomass were not more sensitive if assessed during the generative growth stage when compared to the vegetative growth stage of the plants. In contrast to that, the generative endpoint seed production was partly more sensitive in comparison to the vegetative endpoints biomass and plant height. For regulatory NTTP studies, 5 or more test substance rates at non-lethal levels should be tested so to allow the determination of ER10/50 values for vegetative and generative endpoints.
农业是欧盟成员国的主要土地利用方式，几乎覆盖了近一半的地表面积。在农业区使用除草剂来减少杂草竞争，可能会对生长在田边的非目标陆生植物（NTTP）造成不利影响。根据 EFSA 关于 NTTP 的科学意见，一个重要的保护目标是维持农业区植物物种的生物多样性。EFSA 建议在测试中还包括 OECD 指南（OECD 208 和 227）中提到的非作物物种，并评估植物生命周期中的生殖终点，如开花和种子生产，而不仅是营养生长终点。本研究的目的是评估在温室条件下评估 NTTP 法规测试中作物和非作物物种生殖终点的可行性，并评估生殖终点是否比营养生长终点更敏感。实验设计包括一个对照和四个除草剂（Atlantis®WG）施用量，每个处理重复 6 次。测试物质的施用量为最大田间用量和田间用量的 30%、10%和 3%。评估了 F1 代的生物量、株高、开花、种子产量以及幼苗萌发。该研究表明，基于 OECD 指南 227，可以在温室条件下评估（非）作物物种的营养生长和生殖终点，这是一种可行的方法。与植物营养生长阶段相比，在生殖生长阶段评估的营养生长终点（株高和生物量）并不更敏感。相比之下，生殖终点种子产量在一定程度上比营养生长终点（生物量和株高）更敏感。对于法规 NTTP 研究，应在非致死水平上测试 5 个或更多的测试物质浓度，以便确定营养生长和生殖终点的 ER10/50 值。
