Agroecology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.
PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e54818. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054818. Epub 2013 Jan 28.
The aim of this study was to determine the relative effects of landscape-scale management intensity, local management intensity and edge effect on diversity patterns of insect-pollinated vs. non-insect pollinated forbs in meadows and wheat fields. Nine landscapes were selected differing in percent intensively used agricultural area (IAA), each with a pair of organic and conventional winter wheat fields and a pair of organic and conventional meadows. Within fields, forbs were surveyed at the edge and in the interior. Both diversity and cover of forbs were positively affected by organic management in meadows and wheat fields. This effect, however, differed significantly between pollination types for species richness in both agroecosystem types (i.e. wheat fields and meadows) and for cover in meadows. Thus, we show for the first time in a comprehensive analysis that insect-pollinated plants benefit more from organic management than non-insect pollinated plants regardless of agroecosystem type and landscape complexity. These benefits were more pronounced in meadows than wheat fields. Finally, the community composition of insect-pollinated and non-insect-pollinated forbs differed considerably between management types. In summary, our findings in both agroecosystem types indicate that organic management generally supports a higher species richness and cover of insect-pollinated plants, which is likely to be favourable for the density and diversity of bees and other pollinators.
本研究旨在确定景观尺度管理强度、局部管理强度和边缘效应对草地和麦田中传粉昆虫和非传粉昆虫授粉的草本植物多样性模式的相对影响。选择了 9 个具有不同农业集约度（IAA）百分比的景观，每个景观都有一对有机和常规冬小麦田以及一对有机和常规草地。在田地里，在边缘和内部对草本植物进行了调查。在草地和小麦田中，草本植物的多样性和覆盖率都受到有机管理的积极影响。然而，这种影响在两种农业生态系统类型（即小麦田和草地）的物种丰富度和草地的覆盖率方面，在授粉类型之间存在显著差异。因此，我们首次在一项综合分析中表明，无论农业生态系统类型和景观复杂性如何，传粉昆虫授粉的植物从有机管理中受益大于非传粉昆虫授粉的植物。这种益处在草地中比在小麦田中更为明显。最后，传粉昆虫和非传粉昆虫授粉的草本植物在管理类型之间的群落组成有很大差异。总之，我们在两种农业生态系统类型中的发现表明，有机管理通常更有利于传粉昆虫授粉植物的物种丰富度和覆盖率的提高，这可能有利于蜜蜂和其他传粉者的密度和多样性。
