School of Life Science, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; email:
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2020 Apr 29;71:273-302. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100251. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
The control of gaseous exchange between the leaf and external atmosphere is governed by stomatal conductance (); therefore, stomata play a critical role in photosynthesis and transpiration and overall plant productivity. Stomatal conductance is determined by both anatomical features and behavioral characteristics. Here we review some of the osmoregulatory pathways in guard cell metabolism, genes and signals that determine stomatal function and patterning, and the recent work that explores coordination between and carbon assimilation () and the influence of spatial distribution of functional stomata on underlying mesophyll anatomy. We also evaluate the current literature on mesophyll-driven signals that may coordinate stomatal behavior with mesophyll carbon assimilation and explore stomatal kinetics as a possible target to improve and water use efficiency. By understanding these processes, we can start to provide insight into manipulation of these regulatory pathways to improve stomatal behavior and identify novel unexploited targets for altering stomatal behavior and improving crop plant productivity.
叶片与外部大气之间气体交换的控制受气孔导度（）的影响；因此，气孔在光合作用和蒸腾作用以及整体植物生产力中起着关键作用。气孔导度由解剖结构和行为特征决定。在这里，我们回顾了一些保卫细胞代谢中的渗透调节途径、决定气孔功能和模式的基因和信号，以及最近探索和碳同化之间协调作用以及功能气孔的空间分布对下伏叶肉解剖结构影响的工作。我们还评估了关于可能协调气孔行为与叶肉碳同化的叶肉驱动信号的现有文献，并探讨了作为提高和水利用效率的可能目标的气孔动力学。通过了解这些过程，我们可以开始深入了解这些调控途径的操纵，以改善气孔行为，并确定改变气孔行为和提高作物生产力的新的未开发目标。
