Sinha Ranjita, Peláez-Vico María Ángeles, Pascual Lidia S, Thibivilliers Sandra, Libault Marc, Huang Shao-Shan Carol, Fritschi Felix B, Zandalinas Sara I, Mittler Ron
Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, University of Missouri System, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Environmental Sciences, University Jaume I, Castello de la Plana 12071, Spain.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2025 May 29;380(1927):20240241. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2024.0241.
An increase in the frequency and intensity of heat waves, floods, droughts and other environmental stresses, resulting from climate change, is threatening agricultural food production worldwide. Heat waves are especially problematic to grain yields, as the reproductive processes of almost all our main grain crops are highly sensitive to heat. At times, heat waves can occur together with drought, high ozone levels, pathogen infection and/or waterlogging stress that suppress the overall process of plant cooling by transpiration. We recently reported that under conditions of heat and water-deficit stress combination, the stomata on sepals and pods of soybean () remain open, while the stomata on leaves close. This process, termed 'differential transpiration', enabled the cooling of reproductive organs, while leaf temperature increased owing to suppressed transpiration. In this review article, we focus on the impacts on crops of heat waves occurring in isolation and of heat waves combined with drought or waterlogging stress, address the main processes impacted in plants by these stresses and discuss ways to mitigate the negative effects of isolated heat waves and of heat waves that occur together with other stresses (i.e. stress combination), on crops, with a focus on the process of differential transpiration.This article is part of the theme issue 'Crops under stress: can we mitigate the impacts of climate change on agriculture and launch the 'Resilience Revolution'?'.
气候变化导致的热浪、洪水、干旱及其他环境压力的频率和强度增加，正威胁着全球的农业粮食生产。热浪对谷物产量尤其成问题，因为几乎所有主要谷物作物的生殖过程对热量都高度敏感。有时，热浪会与干旱、高臭氧水平、病原体感染和/或涝渍胁迫同时出现，这些会抑制植物通过蒸腾作用进行整体降温的过程。我们最近报道，在热胁迫和缺水胁迫相结合的条件下，大豆（）萼片和豆荚上的气孔保持开放，而叶片上的气孔关闭。这个过程被称为“差异蒸腾”，它能使生殖器官降温，而叶片温度因蒸腾作用受抑制而升高。在这篇综述文章中，我们重点关注孤立出现的热浪以及与干旱或涝渍胁迫相结合的热浪对作物的影响，探讨这些胁迫对植物产生影响的主要过程，并讨论减轻孤立热浪以及与其他胁迫（即胁迫组合）同时出现的热浪对作物负面影响的方法，重点关注差异蒸腾过程。本文是主题为“受胁迫的作物：我们能否减轻气候变化对农业的影响并发起‘复原力革命’？”这一特刊的一部分。
