Zhang Xue, Liu Yuan-Huan, Wang Yue-Hua, Shen Shi-Kang
School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Mar 7;9(3):338. doi: 10.3390/plants9030338.
Genetic diversity is vital to the sustainable utilization and conservation of plant species. subsp. Lévl. is an endangered species endemic to the southwest of China. Although the natural populations of this species are facing continuous decline due to the high frequency of anthropogenic disturbance, the genetic information of subsp. is not yet elucidated. In the present study, 10 pairs of microsatellite markers (nSSRs) and three pairs of chloroplast DNA (cpDNAs) were used in the elucidation of the genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history of 11 subsp. populations. A total of 236 alleles and 12 haplotypes were found. A moderate genetic diversity within populations ( = 0.540 for nSSRs, = 0.788 for cpDNA markers), high historical and low contemporary gene flows, and moderate genetic differentiation (nSSR: = 0.165***; cpDNA: = 0.841***) were detected among the subsp. populations. Genetic and geographic distances showed significant correlation ( < 0.05) determined by the Mantel test. The species exhibited a conspicuous phylogeographical structure among the populations. Using the Bayesian skyline plot and species distribution models, we found that subsp. underwent a population demography contraction approximately 50,000-100,000 years ago. However, the species did not experience a recent population expansion event. Thus, habitat loss and destruction, which result in a population decline and species inbreeding depression, should be considered in the management and conservation of subsp. .
遗传多样性对于植物物种的可持续利用和保护至关重要。[物种名称]亚种。Lévl.是中国西南部特有的濒危物种。尽管该物种的自然种群由于人为干扰频繁而面临持续减少，但[物种名称]亚种的遗传信息尚未阐明。在本研究中，使用了10对微卫星标记（nSSRs）和3对叶绿体DNA（cpDNAs）来阐明11个[物种名称]亚种种群的遗传多样性、种群结构和种群历史。共发现236个等位基因和12个单倍型。在[物种名称]亚种种群中检测到种群内中等程度的遗传多样性（nSSRs的H = 0.540，cpDNA标记的H = 0.788）、较高的历史基因流和较低的当代基因流，以及中等程度的遗传分化（nSSR：Fst = 0.165***；cpDNA：Fst = 0.841***）。通过Mantel检验确定遗传距离和地理距离显示出显著相关性（P < 0.05）。该物种在种群间表现出明显的系统地理学结构。使用贝叶斯天际线图和物种分布模型，我们发现[物种名称]亚种在大约50,000 - 100,000年前经历了种群数量的收缩。然而，该物种最近没有经历种群扩张事件。因此，在[物种名称]亚种的管理和保护中应考虑导致种群减少和物种近亲繁殖衰退的栖息地丧失和破坏。
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