WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
J Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 23;222(4):528-537. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa105.
Avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) are among the most concerning emerging and re-emerging pathogens because of the potential risk for causing an influenza pandemic with catastrophic impact. The recent increase in domestic animals and poultry worldwide was followed by an increase of human AIV outbreaks reported.
We reviewed the epidemiology of human infections with AIV from the literature including reports from the World Health Organization, extracting information on virus subtype, time, location, age, sex, outcome, and exposure.
We described the characteristics of more than 2500 laboratory-confirmed human infections with AIVs. Human infections with H5N1 and H7N9 were more frequently reported than other subtypes. Risk of death was highest among reported cases infected with H5N1, H5N6, H7N9, and H10N8 infections. Older people and males tended to have a lower risk of infection with most AIV subtypes, except for H7N9. Visiting live poultry markets was mostly reported by H7N9, H5N6, and H10N8 cases, while exposure to sick or dead bird was mostly reported by H5N1, H7N2, H7N3, H7N4, H7N7, and H10N7 cases.
Understanding the profile of human cases of different AIV subtypes would guide control strategies. Continued monitoring of human infections with AIVs is essential for pandemic preparedness.
禽流感病毒 (AIVs) 是最令人担忧的新兴和重现病原体之一，因为它们有可能引发具有灾难性影响的流感大流行。最近，全球范围内的家养动物和家禽数量增加，随之而来的是报告的人类 AIV 暴发增加。
我们从文献中综述了人类感染 AIV 的流行病学情况，包括世界卫生组织的报告，提取了病毒亚型、时间、地点、年龄、性别、结果和暴露等信息。
我们描述了 2500 多例实验室确诊的人类 AIV 感染的特征。与其他亚型相比，H5N1 和 H7N9 感染的人类感染更为常见。报告的感染 H5N1、H5N6、H7N9 和 H10N8 的病例死亡率最高。大多数 AIV 亚型的感染风险在老年人和男性中较低，但 H7N9 除外。大多数 H7N9、H5N6 和 H10N8 病例报告了接触活禽市场，而大多数 H5N1、H7N2、H7N3、H7N4、H7N7 和 H10N7 病例报告了接触病禽或死禽。
了解不同 AIV 亚型人类病例的特征将指导控制策略。持续监测人类感染 AIV 对于大流行的准备至关重要。
