Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 51 E. River Road, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
Psychology Department, Eastern Michigan University, 341 Science Complex, Ypsilanti, MI, 48197, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2020 Jun;48(6):797-808. doi: 10.1007/s10802-020-00633-8.
Previously institutionalized children on average show persistent deficits in physiological and behavioral regulation, as well as a lack of normative reticence towards strangers, or disinhibited social engagement (DSE). Post-adoption parenting, specifically a combination of supportive presence and structure/limit-setting, may protect against DSE over time via better adrenocortical functioning. This study examined the impact of adrenocortical activity and post-adoption parenting on DSE across the first two years post-adoption (age at adoption: 16-36 months) and observed kindergarten social outcomes in previously institutionalized children (n = 94) compared to non-adopted children (n = 52). Path analyses indicated a developmental cascade from institutional care (operationalized as a dichotomous group variable, age at adoption, and months of institutionalization) to blunted adrenocortical activity, increased DSE, and lower kindergarten social competence. Consistent with a permissive parenting style, higher parental support was associated with increased DSE, but only when not accompanied by effective structure/limit-setting. Further, parental structure reduced the association between blunted adrenocortical activity and DSE behaviors.
先前被机构收容的儿童在生理和行为调节方面普遍存在持续缺陷，并且对陌生人缺乏规范的沉默，或者表现出不受抑制的社交参与（DSE）。收养后的育儿方式，特别是支持性存在和结构/限制设定的结合，可能通过更好的肾上腺皮质功能随着时间的推移来预防 DSE。本研究通过比较先前被机构收容的儿童（收养年龄：16-36 个月）和未被收养的儿童（n=52），考察了收养后第一年到第二年（收养年龄：16-36 个月）的肾上腺皮质活动和收养后育儿对 DSE 的影响，并观察了幼儿园的社会结果。路径分析表明，从机构照料（以收养年龄、机构收容月数的二分类组变量来操作）到肾上腺皮质活动减弱、DSE 增加和幼儿园社会能力降低，存在一个发展级联。与宽容的养育方式一致，较高的父母支持与 DSE 增加有关，但只有在没有有效的结构/限制设定的情况下才会如此。此外，父母的结构减少了肾上腺皮质活动减弱与 DSE 行为之间的关联。
