Psychology Department, Sonoma State University, 1801 East Cotati Avenue, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2012 Feb;24(1):35-48. doi: 10.1017/S0954579411000642.
Children adopted from institutions (e.g., orphanages) overseas are at increased risk of disturbances in social relationships and social understanding. Not all postinstitutionalized children exhibit these problems, although factors like the severity of deprivation and duration of deprivation increase their risk. To date, few studies have examined whether postadoption parenting might moderate the impact of early adverse care. Three groups were studied: postinstitutionalized and foster care children both adopted internationally and nonadopted children reared in their families of origin. The Emotional Availability (EA) Scales were assessed at 18 months in parent-child dyads. Parent emotional availability was found to predict two aspects of social functioning shown in previous studies to be impaired in postinstitutionalized children. Specifically, EA positively correlated with emotion understanding at 36 months; in interaction with initiation of joint attention at 18 months and group, it predicted indiscriminate friendliness as scored from a parent attachment interview at 30 months. Among the postinstitutionalized children but not among the children in other groups, higher EA scores reduced the negative association between initiation of joint attention and indiscriminate friendliness, thus suggesting that parenting quality may moderate the effects of early institutional deprivation.
从机构（例如孤儿院）收养的儿童在人际关系和社会理解方面存在更大的障碍风险。并非所有机构化儿童都表现出这些问题，但剥夺的严重程度和持续时间等因素会增加他们的风险。迄今为止，很少有研究探讨过收养后的育儿方式是否会缓和早期不良照护的影响。研究了三组儿童：从国外机构收养的和寄养的儿童，以及在亲生家庭中长大的未被收养的儿童。在 18 个月大时，对母婴对子进行了情感可利用性（EA）量表评估。研究发现，父母的情感可利用性可预测两个方面的社会功能，而这两个方面在机构化儿童中之前的研究表明受到损害。具体来说，EA 与 36 个月时的情绪理解呈正相关；与 18 个月时的共同注意启动以及分组交互作用，它预测了从 30 个月时的父母依恋访谈中评分的无差别友善。在机构化儿童中，但不在其他群体的儿童中，较高的 EA 分数降低了共同注意启动与无差别友善之间的负相关，这表明育儿质量可能会缓和早期机构剥夺的影响。
