Thapaliya Dipendra, Hellwig Emily J, Kadariya Jhalka, Grenier Dylan, Jefferson Anne J, Dalman Mark, Kennedy Kristen, DiPerna Mackenzi, Orihill Adrienne, Taha Mohammed, Smith Tara C
Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health Kent State University Kent OH USA.
Department of Geology, College of Arts and Sciences Kent State University Kent OH USA.
Geohealth. 2017 Dec 14;1(10):320-332. doi: 10.1002/2017GH000106. eCollection 2017 Dec.
can cause severe life-threatening illnesses such as sepsis and endocarditis. Although has been isolated from marine water and intertidal beach sand, only a few studies have been conducted to assess prevalence of at freshwater recreational beaches. As such, we aimed to determine prevalence and molecular characteristics of in water and sand at 10 freshwater recreational beaches in Northeast Ohio, USA. Samples were analyzed using standard microbiology methods, and resulting isolates were typed by typing and multilocus sequence typing. The overall prevalence of in sand and water samples was 22.8% (64/280). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) was 8.2% (23/280). The highest prevalence was observed in summer (45.8%; 55/120) compared to fall (4.2%; 5/120) and spring (10.0%; 4/40). The overall prevalence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes among isolates was 21.4% (15/70), and 27 different types were identified. The results of this study indicate that beach sand and freshwater of Northeast Ohio were contaminated with , including MRSA. The high prevalence of in summer months and presence of human-associated strains may indicate the possibility of role of human activity in contamination of beach water and sand. While there are several possible routes for contamination, prevalence was higher in sites with wastewater treatment plants proximal to the beaches.
可导致严重的危及生命的疾病，如败血症和心内膜炎。尽管已从海水和潮间带沙滩中分离出该菌，但仅有少数研究评估了淡水休闲海滩中该菌的流行情况。因此，我们旨在确定美国俄亥俄州东北部10个淡水休闲海滩的水和沙中该菌的流行情况及分子特征。使用标准微生物学方法对样本进行分析，并通过分型和多位点序列分型对所得分离株进行分型。沙样和水样中该菌的总体流行率为22.8%（64/280）。耐甲氧西林该菌（MRSA）的流行率为8.2%（23/280）。与秋季（4.2%；5/120）和春季（10.0%；4/40）相比，夏季的流行率最高（45.8%；55/120）。该菌分离株中潘顿-瓦伦丁杀白细胞素基因的总体流行率为21.4%（15/70），并鉴定出27种不同的该菌类型。本研究结果表明，俄亥俄州东北部的沙滩和淡水受到了该菌污染，包括MRSA。夏季该菌的高流行率以及与人类相关菌株的存在可能表明人类活动在海滩水和沙污染中发挥作用的可能性。虽然存在多种该菌污染途径，但在靠近海滩有污水处理厂的地点该菌流行率更高。
