Grout Leah, Baker Michael G, French Nigel, Hales Simon
Department of Public Health University of Otago Wellington New Zealand.
School of Veterinary Science, Hopkirk Research Institute Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand.
Geohealth. 2020 Feb 13;4(2):e2019GH000213. doi: 10.1029/2019GH000213. eCollection 2020 Feb.
Strong demand for dairy products has led to a global increase in dairy production. In many parts of the world, dairy systems are undergoing rapid intensification. While increased production may contribute to food security, higher dairy stocking rates in some regions have resulted in increased pressure on natural resources with the potential to affect public health and wellbeing. The aim of this review was to identify and describe the potential health harms and benefits associated with dairy production and consumption. Electronic databases Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched for published literature that investigated human health impacts of dairy production and consumption. Occupational hazards, environmental health impacts, ecosystem health impacts, foodborne hazards, and diet-related chronic diseases were identified as potential public health hazards. Some impacts, notably climate change, extend beyond directly exposed populations. Dairy production and consumption are also associated with important health benefits through the provision of nutrients and economic opportunities. As the global dairy sector increases production, exposure to a range of hazards must be weighed with these benefits. The review of impacts presented here can provide an input into decision making about optimal levels of dairy production and consumption, local land use, and identification and management of specific hazards from this sector. Future research should consider multiple exposure routes, socioeconomic implications, and environmental factors, particularly in regions heavily dependent on dairy farming.
对乳制品的强劲需求导致了全球乳制品产量的增加。在世界许多地区，乳制品系统正在迅速集约化。虽然产量增加可能有助于粮食安全，但一些地区较高的奶牛存栏率给自然资源带来了更大压力，有可能影响公众健康和福祉。本综述的目的是识别和描述与乳制品生产和消费相关的潜在健康危害和益处。通过检索电子数据库Medline、Embase、Scopus、Web of Science、PubMed和谷歌学术，查找研究乳制品生产和消费对人类健康影响的已发表文献。职业危害、环境卫生影响、生态系统健康影响、食源性危害以及与饮食相关的慢性病被确定为潜在的公共卫生危害。一些影响，特别是气候变化，影响范围超出了直接受影响的人群。乳制品生产和消费还通过提供营养和经济机会带来重要的健康益处。随着全球乳制品行业产量的增加，必须在一系列危害与这些益处之间进行权衡。本文对相关影响的综述可为有关乳制品生产和消费的最佳水平、当地土地利用以及识别和管理该行业特定危害的决策提供参考。未来的研究应考虑多种接触途径、社会经济影响和环境因素，特别是在严重依赖奶牛养殖的地区。
