Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Physics, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN, Roma1 section, 00185, Roma, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2020 Mar 11;10(1):4467. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61466-5.
In this study, we analyze the role of different structural variants of proteins in the speciation processes. We separate human and mouse proteomes (taken as a reference) into three previously defined variants of disorder: ordered proteins (ORDPs), structured proteins with intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs), and intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Then, using the representation we call here Forsdyke plot, we study the correlation of DNA divergence with the corresponding protein (phenotypic) divergence in the three variants, comparing human and mouse coding sequences with their homologs from 26 eukaryotes. The parameters of the correlation are related to the speciation process. We find that the three variants of disordered proteins are differently related to the speciation process. Specifically, IDPs phenotypically diverge earlier than ORDPs and IDPRs. ORDPs diverge later but are phenotypically more reactive to nucleotide mutations than IDPRs and IDPs. Finally, IDPRs appear to diverge phenotypically later than IDPs, like ORDPs, but they are prone to accept mutations with rates that are similar to those of IDPs. We conclude that IDPs are involved in the early stages of the speciation process, whereas mutations in ORDPs, once speciation is initiated, accelerate phenotypic divergence.
在这项研究中，我们分析了不同蛋白质结构变异在物种形成过程中的作用。我们将人类和小鼠蛋白质组（作为参考）分为三种先前定义的无序变体：有序蛋白（ORDPs）、具有内在无序蛋白区域的结构蛋白（IDPRs）和内在无序蛋白（IDPs）。然后，我们使用 Forsdyke 图的表示形式，研究了三种变体中 DNA 分化与相应蛋白质（表型）分化之间的相关性，比较了人类和小鼠编码序列与其来自 26 种真核生物的同源物。相关性的参数与物种形成过程有关。我们发现，三种无序蛋白变体与物种形成过程的关系不同。具体而言，IDPs 在表型上的分化早于 ORDPs 和 IDPRs。ORDPs 分化较晚，但表型上对核苷酸突变的反应比 IDPRs 和 IDPs 更强烈。最后，IDPRs 在表型上的分化似乎比 IDPs 晚，与 ORDPs 相似，但它们更容易接受与 IDPs 相似的突变率。我们得出结论，IDPs 参与了物种形成过程的早期阶段，而 ORDPs 中的突变一旦物种形成开始，就会加速表型分化。
