Master of Technology, School of Biotechnology, UTD, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, India.
Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2131:1-16. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0389-5_1.
The application of the fields of pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics to vaccine design, profoundly combined with bioinformatics, has been recently termed "vaccinomics." The enormous amount of information generated by whole genome sequencing projects and the rise of bioinformatics has triggered the birth of a new era of vaccine research and development, leading to a "third generation" of vaccines, which are based on the application of vaccinomics science to vaccinology. The first example of such an approach is reverse vaccinology. Reverse vaccinology reduces the period of vaccine target detection and evaluation to 1-2 years. This approach targets the genomic sequence and predicts those antigens that are most likely to be vaccine candidates. This approach allows not only the identification of all the antigens obtained by the previous methods but also the discovery of new antigens that work on a totally different paradigm. Hence this method helps in the discovery of novel mechanisms of immune intervention. Epitope-based immune-derived vaccines (IDV) are generally considered to be safe when compared to other vectored or attenuated live vaccines. Epitope-based IDV may also provide essential T-cell help for antibody-directed vaccines. Such vaccines may have a significant advantage over earlier vaccine design approaches, as the cautious assortment of the components may diminish.
将药物基因组学和药物遗传学应用于疫苗设计，并与生物信息学深度结合，最近被称为“疫苗组学”。全基因组测序项目产生的大量信息和生物信息学的兴起，引发了疫苗研究和开发的新时代，催生了基于疫苗组学科学在疫苗学中的应用的“第三代”疫苗。这种方法的第一个例子是反向疫苗学。反向疫苗学将疫苗靶标检测和评估的周期缩短至 1-2 年。该方法针对基因组序列，并预测最有可能成为疫苗候选物的那些抗原。这种方法不仅可以识别以前方法获得的所有抗原，还可以发现基于全新范式的新抗原。因此，这种方法有助于发现新型免疫干预机制。与其他载体或减毒活疫苗相比，基于表位的免疫衍生疫苗 (IDV) 通常被认为是安全的。基于表位的 IDV 也可以为抗体导向疫苗提供必要的 T 细胞帮助。与早期的疫苗设计方法相比，此类疫苗可能具有显著优势，因为可以谨慎选择组件。
