Akbari Hossein, Safari Saeid
Department of Social Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Sociology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Sociol Health Illn. 2020 Jun;42(5):1060-1076. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.13077. Epub 2020 Mar 11.
Stigma against people living with HIV (PLWH) seriously affects their quality of life. Moreover it can lead them to hide their HIV status from others, which in turn endangers public health. Many studies dealing with HIV-related stigma focus on the consequences of this phenomenon and pay less attention to the social conditions which affect different types of HIV-related stigma (anticipated, internalized and enacted stigma [ES]). Therefore, in this study, we tried to achieve more understanding about effective causal conditions of various types of experienced stigma. First of all, data were collected from 19 PLWH, using semi-structured interviews from those who had visited the Counseling Center for Behavioral Diseases in Mashhad. Secondly, the data were analyzed by applying a mixture of two methods: thematic analysis and qualitative comparative analysis (Boolean Algebra). The analysis of the data reveals that a combination of informing family members about HIV status, lack of family support, and medical support lead to anticipated stigma; a combination of religious beliefs and poor self-esteem results in internalized stigma and a combination of lack of family support, mistreatment by community, poor self-esteem, poverty and no religious beliefs lead to ES.
对艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）的污名化严重影响他们的生活质量。此外，这可能导致他们向他人隐瞒自己的艾滋病毒感染状况，进而危及公众健康。许多关于与艾滋病毒相关污名化的研究关注这一现象的后果，而较少关注影响不同类型与艾滋病毒相关污名化（预期污名、内化污名和表现污名[ES]）的社会条件。因此，在本研究中，我们试图更深入地了解各种经历过的污名化的有效因果条件。首先，我们从19名艾滋病毒感染者那里收集数据，这些数据来自于那些曾访问过马什哈德行为疾病咨询中心的人，并采用半结构化访谈。其次，通过应用两种方法的组合对数据进行分析：主题分析和定性比较分析（布尔代数）。数据分析表明，向家庭成员告知艾滋病毒感染状况、缺乏家庭支持和医疗支持的组合会导致预期污名；宗教信仰和低自尊的组合会导致内化污名，而缺乏家庭支持、社区虐待、低自尊、贫困和无宗教信仰的组合会导致表现污名。
