Karamouzian Mohammad, Akbari Maryam, Haghdoost Ali-Akbar, Setayesh Hamidreza, Zolala Farzaneh
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2015 Jan-Feb;26(1):46-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jana.2014.04.005. Epub 2014 May 2.
People living with HIV (PLWH) are often subject to discrimination. The causes, types, and consequences of this stigma in Iran are not yet fully understood. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were held with a purposively selected group of 25 PLWH recruited from a triangular HIV clinic in Kerman, Iran. Almost all participants reported experiencing internal and external stigma in a variety of contexts. Participants mentioned at least three major types of internal stigma (silence, shame, and feeling miserable). PLWH also reported experiencing external stigma from their families, communities, and the health care system. While previous studies have demonstrated that the Iranian public has reported fairly positive attitudes toward PLWH, our participants' experiences tell a different story. Therefore, it is imperative to engage both public and private sectors in continuing education programs to reduce the level of stigma faced by PLWH.
感染艾滋病毒者（PLWH）常常遭受歧视。在伊朗，这种污名化的成因、类型和后果尚未得到充分了解。我们从伊朗克尔曼一家三角形艾滋病毒诊所中，有目的地挑选了25名感染艾滋病毒者，并对他们进行了深入的半结构化访谈。几乎所有参与者都报告称，在各种情况下都经历过内在和外在的污名化。参与者提到了至少三种主要的内在污名类型（沉默、羞耻和痛苦感）。感染艾滋病毒者还报告称，他们在家庭、社区和医疗系统中都遭受过外在污名。虽然之前的研究表明，伊朗公众对感染艾滋病毒者的态度相当积极，但我们参与者的经历却讲述了一个不同的故事。因此，让公共和私营部门都参与继续教育项目，以降低感染艾滋病毒者所面临的污名化程度，这是势在必行的。
