Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 10;17(5):1787. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051787.
This study explored factors affecting parents' intentions to use physical violence (PV) to discipline their children in the future. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) guided selection of variables. A sample of 1337 preschool children's parents from nine kindergartens located in a county of Henan Province, China were selected by stratified random cluster sampling. Data on parents' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control over PV, intentions to engage in PV to discipline their preschool children in the future, self-reported PV behavior toward their children during the past three months, and demographic characteristics were collected via a paper-based questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined putative predictors of parents' intentions to use physically violent discipline. Nearly three-quarters of the sample said they definitely will not use violent discipline, while 23.4% either said they would use it, or did not rule it out. Logistic regression analysis showed that parents' lower level of perceived behavioral control over using violence ( 4.17; 95% : 2.659, 6.551), attitudes that support PV ( 2.23; 95% : 1.555, 3.203), and having been physically violent with their children during the past three months ( 1.62; 95% : 1.032, 2.556) were significantly associated with parents' tendency either to include, or not exclude, the use of violent discipline. Parents' subjective norms regarding PV had no significant impact on their intentions ( > 0.05). The influence of TPB constructs varied according to parents' gender. Intervention programs that aim to reduce violent discipline should focus both on increasing parents' perceived behavioral control over PV and changing their attitudes toward physically violent practices, especially among mothers and parents who have already used PV to discipline their children.
本研究旨在探讨影响父母未来使用体罚（physical violence，PV）管教孩子意图的因素。理论采用计划行为理论（theory of planned behavior，TPB）选择变量。通过分层随机整群抽样，从河南省某县的 9 所幼儿园中选取了 1337 名学龄前儿童的家长作为研究对象。通过纸质问卷收集了父母对 PV 的态度、主观规范和行为感知控制、未来对学龄前儿童进行 PV 管教的意图、过去三个月内自我报告的对孩子的 PV 行为以及人口统计学特征等数据。多变量逻辑回归分析考察了父母使用体罚管教意图的潜在预测因素。样本中近四分之三的家长表示肯定不会使用暴力纪律，而 23.4%的家长表示会使用，或者不排除使用。逻辑回归分析表明，父母对使用暴力行为的行为感知控制水平较低（4.17；95%置信区间：2.659，6.551）、支持 PV 的态度（2.23；95%置信区间：1.555，3.203）以及过去三个月内对孩子实施过体罚的行为（1.62；95%置信区间：1.032，2.556）与父母倾向于包括或不排除使用暴力纪律显著相关。父母对 PV 的主观规范对其意图没有显著影响（>0.05）。TPB 构念的影响因父母的性别而异。旨在减少暴力纪律的干预计划应既注重提高父母对 PV 的行为感知控制，又要改变他们对体罚行为的态度，特别是针对已经使用过 PV 管教孩子的母亲和家长。
