Skřivan Miloš, Englmaierová Michaela, Taubner Tomáš, Skřivanová Eva
Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, 104 00 Prague-Uhrineves, Czech Republic.
Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague Suchdol, Czech Republic.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Mar 10;10(3):458. doi: 10.3390/ani10030458.
The aim of the study is to determine the effect of hemp seed (HS) of the nonpsychotropic variety Futura and extruded flaxseed (EF) in the diet of cockerels on cockerel growth performance, breast muscle and liver α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations, breast muscle fatty acid concentrations and tibia strength. Five hundred and forty one-day-old male Ross 308 cockerels are equally allocated into six groups. Each group has three replicates of 30 cockerels in pens with litter. The formulated diets are isoenergetic (the metabolisable energy ranged from 12.4 to 12.8 MJ/kg) and isonitrogenic (the protein concentration ranged from 209.7 to 210.9 g/kg) and provided ad libitum. During the experiment, which lasts 35 days, the control group is fed a diet without EF or HS. Rapeseed oil was the lipid source in the control diet. The diet for the second group contains EF at 60 g/kg, the diet for the third group contains HS at 40 g/kg, and the diets for the fourth to sixth groups contain HS and EF at 30 and 60 g/kg, 40 and 60 g/kg and 50 and 60 g/kg, respectively. At the end of the experiment, 15 cockerels of average weight are slaughtered per group, and the breast muscle, liver and tibia bone are dissected for chemical analyses. The all dietary combination of HS and EF increases ( < 0.001) cockerel body weight (2375-2493 g) more than HS alone (2174 g) or EF alone (2254 g). A similar finding is observed for the diet composition and tocopherol content in the liver, but the doses of HS required to achieve this effect are higher (40 and 50 g/kg). The tocopherol content in the breast muscle is not influenced by the diet. The dietary combination of 60 g/kg EF and 40 g/kg HS results in the most promising findings of the experiment, since it leads to the lowest n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio ( < 0.001; 1.75). Incorporation of HS into the diet increases cockerel tibia strength ( < 0.001), which is of great practical importance due to the frequent occurrence of limb fractures. To conclude, the dietary supplementation with 40 g/kg HS and 60 g/kg EF improves cockerel performance, meat and bone quality and deposition of α-tocopherol in the liver.
本研究的目的是确定非精神活性品种Futura的大麻籽（HS）和挤压亚麻籽（EF）在公鸡日粮中对公鸡生长性能、胸肌和肝脏中α-和γ-生育酚浓度、胸肌脂肪酸浓度以及胫骨强度的影响。540只1日龄的雄性罗斯308公鸡被平均分配到6组。每组在有垫料的鸡舍中有3个重复，每个重复30只公鸡。所配制的日粮能量相等（代谢能范围为12.4至12.8 MJ/kg）且蛋白质含量相等（蛋白质浓度范围为209.7至210.9 g/kg），并自由采食。在为期35天的实验期间，对照组饲喂不含EF或HS的日粮。对照日粮中的脂质来源是菜籽油。第二组日粮含有60 g/kg的EF，第三组日粮含有40 g/kg的HS，第四至六组日粮分别含有30和60 g/kg、40和60 g/kg以及50和60 g/kg的HS和EF。实验结束时，每组宰杀15只平均体重的公鸡，解剖胸肌、肝脏和胫骨进行化学分析。HS和EF的所有日粮组合使公鸡体重（2375 - 2493 g）增加（<0.001），比单独使用HS（2174 g）或单独使用EF（2254 g）增加得更多。在肝脏的日粮组成和生育酚含量方面也观察到类似的结果，但达到此效果所需的HS剂量更高（40和50 g/kg）。胸肌中的生育酚含量不受日粮影响。60 g/kg EF和40 g/kg HS的日粮组合产生了该实验中最有前景的结果，因为它导致最低的n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比例（<0.001；1.75）。在日粮中添加HS可提高公鸡胫骨强度（<0.001），鉴于肢体骨折频繁发生，这具有重要的实际意义。总之，日粮中添加40 g/kg HS和60 g/kg EF可改善公鸡的性能、肉和骨骼质量以及肝脏中α-生育酚的沉积。
