Alduina Rosa, Gambino Delia, Presentato Alessandro, Gentile Antonino, Sucato Arianna, Savoca Dario, Filippello Serena, Visconti Giulia, Caracappa Giulia, Vicari Domenico, Arculeo Marco
Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90028 Palermo, Italy.
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", 90129 Area Territoriale Palermo, Italy.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2020 Mar 10;9(3):116. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9030116.
Sea turtles can be considered a sentinel species for monitoring the health of marine ecosystems, acting, at the same time, as a carrier of microorganisms. Indeed, sea turtles can acquire the microbiota from their reproductive sites and feeding, contributing to the diffusion of antibiotic-resistant strains to uncontaminated environments. This study aims to unveil the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in (i) loggerhead sea turtles stranded along the coast of Sicily (Mediterranean Sea), (ii) unhatched and/or hatched eggs, (iii) sand from the turtles' nest and (iv) seawater. Forty-four bacterial strains were isolated and identified by conventional biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequencing. The Gram-negative and species were mainly found in sea turtles and seawater samples, respectively. Conversely, the Gram-positive , , and strains were mostly isolated from eggs and sand The antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolates revealed that these strains were resistant to cefazolin (95.5%), streptomycin (43.2%), colistin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (34.1%). Moreover, metagenome analysis unveiled the presence of both antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes, as well as the mobile element class 1 integron at an alarming percentage rate. Our results suggest that could be considered a carrier of antibiotic-resistant genes.
海龟可被视为监测海洋生态系统健康状况的指示物种，同时也是微生物的携带者。事实上，海龟可以从其繁殖场所和觅食过程中获取微生物群，这有助于将抗生素耐药菌株传播到未受污染的环境中。本研究旨在揭示在（i）沿西西里岛海岸（地中海）搁浅的蠵龟、（ii）未孵化和/或已孵化的卵、（iii）龟巢中的沙子以及（iv）海水中存在的抗生素耐药细菌。通过传统生化试验和16S rDNA测序分离并鉴定了44株细菌菌株。革兰氏阴性菌和[具体菌种]分别主要存在于海龟和海水样本中。相反，革兰氏阳性菌[具体菌种]、[具体菌种]和[具体菌种]菌株大多从卵和沙子中分离出来。分离菌株的抗菌耐药谱显示，这些菌株对头孢唑林（95.5%）、链霉素（43.2%）、黏菌素和阿莫西林/克拉维酸（34.1%）具有耐药性。此外，宏基因组分析揭示了抗生素和重金属耐药基因以及1类整合子移动元件的存在，其比例令人担忧。我们的结果表明，[具体内容]可被视为抗生素耐药基因的携带者。
