Yetkin Ertan, Ozturk Selcuk, Cuglan Bilal, Turhan Hasan
Department of Cardiology, Istinye University Liv Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Curr Cardiol Rev. 2020;16(3):164-172. doi: 10.2174/1573403X16666200312101245.
Lower extremity venous diseases or insufficiency include clinically deteriorating conditions with morphological and functional alterations of the venous system, including venous hypertension, vascular wall structural abnormality, and venous valvar incompetency in association with an inflammatory process. In fact, the same pathophysiological processes are the main underlying mechanisms of other venous insufficiencies in different vascular territories such as Peripheral Varicose Vein (PVV), varicocele, Pelvic Varicosities or Congestion Syndrome (PCS) and Hemorrhoidal Disease (HD). Regarding the anatomical continuity of lower extremity venous system, urogenital system (pampiniform plexus in male and broad ligament and ovarian veins in female) and anorectal venous system, it is reasonable to expect common symptoms such as pain, burning sensation, pruritis, swelling, which arise directly from the involved tissue itself. High coexistence rate of PVV, varicocele/PCS and HD between each other underlines not only the same vascular wall abnormality as an underlying etiology but also the existence of common symptoms originating from the involved tissue in dilating venous disease. Accordingly, it might be reasonable to query the common symptoms of venous dilating disease in other venous vascular regions in patients with complaints of any particular venous territory.
下肢静脉疾病或功能不全包括静脉系统出现形态和功能改变且临床症状不断恶化的情况，包括静脉高压、血管壁结构异常以及伴有炎症过程的静脉瓣膜功能不全。事实上，相同的病理生理过程是其他不同血管区域静脉功能不全的主要潜在机制，如外周静脉曲张（PVV）、精索静脉曲张、盆腔静脉曲张或充血综合征（PCS）以及痔病（HD）。考虑到下肢静脉系统、泌尿生殖系统（男性为蔓状静脉丛，女性为阔韧带和卵巢静脉）和肛门直肠静脉系统的解剖连续性，可以合理推测会出现一些直接源于受累组织本身的常见症状，如疼痛、烧灼感、瘙痒、肿胀。PVV、精索静脉曲张/PCS和HD之间彼此的高共存率不仅强调了相同的血管壁异常作为潜在病因，还表明在扩张性静脉疾病中存在源于受累组织的共同症状。因此，对于任何特定静脉区域有症状的患者，探究其他静脉血管区域静脉扩张疾病的共同症状可能是合理的。
