Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy, Amalienstraße 33, 80804, Munich, Germany.
IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany.
BMC Public Health. 2020 Mar 13;20(1):277. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-8352-2.
Previous studies on lifestyle risk factors mainly focused on age- or gender-specific differences. However, lifestyle risk factors also vary across regions. Aim of the present study was to examine the extent to which prevalence rates of SNAP (smoking, nutrition, alcohol consumption, physical activity) vary between East and West Germany or North and South Germany.
Data came from the population-representative 2015 Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA) comprising 9204 subjects aged 18 to 64 years. To assess an east-west or south-north gradient, two binary logistic regression models were carried out for each SNAP factor.
The logistic regression models revealed statistically significant differences with higher rates of at-risk alcohol consumption and lower rates of unhealthy nutrition in East Germany compared to West Germany. Significant differences between North and South Germany were found for at-risk alcohol consumption with higher rates of at-risk alcohol consumption in South Germany. Daily smoking and low physical activity were equally distributed across regions.
The implementation of measures reducing at-risk alcohol consumption in Germany should take the identified east-west and south-north gradient into account. Since the prevalence of unhealthy nutrition was generally high, prevention and intervention measures should focus on Germany as a whole instead of specific regions.
以往关于生活方式风险因素的研究主要集中在年龄或性别特异性差异上。然而，生活方式风险因素在不同地区也存在差异。本研究旨在探讨德国东部和西部或北部和南部之间在 SNAP（吸烟、营养、饮酒、身体活动）的流行率方面存在多大差异。
数据来自于具有代表性的 2015 年物质滥用流行病学调查（ESA），共纳入 9204 名年龄在 18 至 64 岁的研究对象。为了评估东西或南北梯度，我们针对每个 SNAP 因素进行了两项二元逻辑回归模型分析。
逻辑回归模型显示，与德国西部相比，德国东部的高危饮酒和不健康营养的发生率更高。在德国北部和南部之间，高危饮酒的发生率存在显著差异，南部的高危饮酒率更高。每日吸烟和低身体活动在各地区的分布相当。
在德国实施减少高危饮酒的措施时，应考虑到已确定的东西和南北梯度。由于不健康营养的流行率普遍较高，预防和干预措施应针对整个德国，而不是特定地区。
