Annen Jitka, Laureys Steven, Gosseries Olivia
Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Centre du Cerveau, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Centre du Cerveau, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2020;168:137-152. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63934-9.00011-1.
Patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) suffer from awareness deficits. Comorbidities such as motor disabilities or visual problems hamper clinical assessments, which can lead to misdiagnosis of the level of consciousness and render the patient unable to communicate. Objective measures of consciousness can reduce the risk of misdiagnosis and could enable patients to communicate by voluntarily modulating their brain activity. This chapter gives an overview of the literature regarding brain-computer interface (BCI) research in DOC patients. Different auditory, visual, and motor imagery paradigms are discussed, alongside their corresponding advantages and disadvantages. At this point, the use of BCIs for DOC patients in clinical applications is still preliminary. However, perspectives on the improvements in BCIs for DOC patients seem positive, and implementation during rehabilitation shows promise.
意识障碍（DOC）患者存在意识缺陷。运动障碍或视觉问题等合并症会妨碍临床评估，可能导致对意识水平的误诊，并使患者无法进行交流。客观的意识测量方法可以降低误诊风险，并使患者能够通过自主调节大脑活动进行交流。本章概述了关于意识障碍患者脑机接口（BCI）研究的文献。讨论了不同的听觉、视觉和运动想象范式及其相应的优缺点。目前，BCI在意识障碍患者临床应用中的使用仍处于初步阶段。然而，意识障碍患者BCI改进的前景似乎是积极的，并且在康复过程中的应用显示出前景。
