Haddad N, Robert A, Weeks A, Popovic N, Siu W, Archibald C
Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON.
Can Commun Dis Rep. 2019 Dec 5;45(12):304-312. doi: 10.14745/ccdr.v45i12a01.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global public health issue, with an estimated 36.9 million people living with HIV in 2017. HIV has been reportable in Canada since 1985 and the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) continues to monitor trends in new HIV diagnoses.
The objective of this surveillance report is to provide an overview of the epidemiology of all reported diagnoses of HIV in Canada since 1985 with a focus on 2018 overall, and by geographic location, age group, sex, and exposure category.
PHAC monitors HIV through the national HIV/AIDS Surveillance System, a passive, case-based system that collates nonnominal data that is voluntarily submitted by all Canadian provinces and territories. Descriptive epidemiological analyses were conducted on national data and those relating to specific populations provided by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada and the Canadian Perinatal HIV Surveillance Program.
In 2018, a total of 2,561 HIV diagnoses were reported in Canada, an increase of 8.2% compared with 2017. The national diagnosis rate increased to 6.9 per 100,000 population in 2018 from 6.5 per 100,000 population in 2017. Saskatchewan reported the highest provincial diagnosis rate at 14.9 per 100,000 population. The 30-39 year age group continued to have the highest HIV diagnosis rate at 15.4 per 100,000 population. Overall, the diagnosis rate for males continued to be higher than that of females (9.8 versus 4.0 per 100,000 population, respectively); however, females experienced a larger increase in reported cases and diagnosis rate. The gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) exposure category continued to represent the highest proportion of all reported adult cases (41.4%), though the proportion has decreased over time. Five perinatal HIV transmissions were documented, three were related to the mother not receiving perinatal antiretroviral therapy prophylaxis.
The number and rate of reported HIV cases in Canada increased in 2018, gbMSM continued to account for the largest exposure category and the number and rate of reported HIV cases among women increased. PHAC will continue to work with its national partners to refine the collection, analysis and publication of national data to better understand the burden of HIV in Canada.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，2017年估计有3690万人感染HIV。自1985年以来，HIV在加拿大属于法定报告疾病，加拿大公共卫生署（PHAC）持续监测新HIV诊断病例的趋势。
本监测报告的目的是概述自1985年以来加拿大所有报告的HIV诊断病例的流行病学情况，重点关注2018年总体情况，以及按地理位置、年龄组、性别和暴露类别划分的情况。
PHAC通过国家HIV/艾滋病监测系统监测HIV，这是一个基于病例的被动系统，收集所有加拿大省份和地区自愿提交的非名义数据。对国家数据以及加拿大移民、难民和公民部及加拿大围产期HIV监测项目提供的特定人群数据进行描述性流行病学分析。
2018年，加拿大共报告2561例HIV诊断病例，与2017年相比增加了8.2%。全国诊断率从2017年的每10万人6.5例增至2018年的每10万人6.9例。萨斯喀彻温省报告的省级诊断率最高，为每10万人14.9例。30至39岁年龄组的HIV诊断率仍然最高，为每十万人15.4例。总体而言，男性的诊断率继续高于女性（分别为每10万人9.8例和4.0例）；然而，女性报告病例数和诊断率的增幅更大。男同性恋、双性恋和其他与男性发生性行为的男性（gbMSM）暴露类别在所有报告的成人病例中所占比例仍然最高（41.4%），不过这一比例随着时间推移有所下降。记录了5例围产期HIV传播病例，其中3例与母亲未接受围产期抗逆转录病毒疗法预防有关。
2018年加拿大报告的HIV病例数量和发病率有所增加，gbMSM仍然是最大的暴露类别，女性报告的HIV病例数量和发病率有所增加。PHAC将继续与其国家合作伙伴合作，完善国家数据的收集、分析和发布，以更好地了解加拿大的HIV负担。
