Haddad Nisrine, Weeks Ashley, Robert Anita, Totten Stephanie
Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON.
Can Commun Dis Rep. 2021 Jan 29;47(1):77-86. doi: 10.14745/ccdr.v47i01a11.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global public health issue. HIV has been nationally notifiable in Canada since 1985. The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) monitors trends in new HIV diagnoses.
The objective of this surveillance report is to provide an overview of the epidemiology of reported HIV cases in 2019 in Canada. The report highlights 10-year trends (2010-2019). Data on HIV diagnosed through Immigration Medical Exams (IME) and trends in perinatal transmission of HIV are also presented.
PHAC monitors HIV through the HIV/AIDS Surveillance System, a passive, case-based system that collates non-nominal data submitted voluntarily by all Canadian provinces and territories. Descriptive analyses were conducted on national data. IME data were obtained from Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), and data on HIV-exposed pregnancies were obtained through the Canadian Perinatal HIV Surveillance Program.
In 2019, a total of 2,122 HIV diagnoses were reported in Canada (5.6 per 100,000 population). Saskatchewan reported the highest provincial diagnosis rate at 16.9 per 100,000 population. The 30 to 39-year age group had the highest HIV diagnosis rate at 12.7 per 100,000 population. While the rates for both males and females fluctuated in the past decade, since 2010 the rates among males decreased overall, while the rate among females increased slightly. As in previous years, the diagnosis rate for males in 2019 was higher than that for females (7.9 versus 3.4 per 100,000 population, respectively). The highest proportion of all reported adult cases with known exposure were gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM, 39.7%), followed by cases attributed to heterosexual contact (28.3%) and among people who inject drugs (PWID, 21.5%). The number of migrants who tested positive for HIV during an IME conducted in Canada was 626. The one documented perinatal HIV transmission related to a mother who had not received antepartum or intrapartum antiretroviral therapy prophylaxis.
The number and rate of reported HIV cases in Canada has remained relatively stable over the last decade, with minor year-to-year variations. As in previous years, the gbMSM and PWID populations represent a high proportion of HIV diagnoses, although a sizable number of cases were attributed to heterosexual contact. It is important to routinely monitor trends in HIV in light of pan-Canadian commitments to reduce the health impact of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections by 2030.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。自1985年以来，HIV在加拿大属于国家法定报告疾病。加拿大公共卫生局（PHAC）监测新HIV诊断病例的趋势。
本监测报告的目的是概述2019年加拿大报告的HIV病例的流行病学情况。该报告突出了10年趋势（2010 - 2019年）。还呈现了通过移民体检（IME）诊断出的HIV数据以及HIV围产期传播趋势。
PHAC通过HIV/艾滋病监测系统监测HIV，这是一个基于病例的被动系统，收集所有加拿大省份和地区自愿提交的非实名数据。对全国数据进行了描述性分析。IME数据来自加拿大移民、难民和公民部（IRCC），HIV暴露妊娠的数据通过加拿大围产期HIV监测项目获得。
2019年，加拿大共报告2122例HIV诊断病例（每10万人中有5.6例）。萨斯喀彻温省报告的省级诊断率最高，为每10万人中有16.9例。30至39岁年龄组的HIV诊断率最高，为每10万人中有12.7例。在过去十年中，男性和女性的发病率均有波动，自2010年以来，男性发病率总体下降，而女性发病率略有上升。与往年一样，2019年男性的诊断率高于女性（分别为每10万人中有7.9例和3.4例）。所有已知暴露情况的报告成年病例中，最大比例是男同性恋、双性恋和其他与男性发生性关系的男性（gbMSM，39.7%），其次是异性接触导致的病例（28.3%）以及注射毒品者（PWID，21.5%）。在加拿大进行的移民体检中HIV检测呈阳性的移民人数为626人。有1例记录在案的围产期HIV传播与一名未接受产前或产时抗逆转录病毒疗法预防的母亲有关。
在过去十年中，加拿大报告的HIV病例数量和发病率一直相对稳定，年际变化较小。与往年一样，gbMSM和PWID人群在HIV诊断中占很大比例，尽管有相当数量的病例是由异性接触导致的。鉴于加拿大在2030年前减少性传播和血源感染对健康影响方面的全国性承诺，定期监测HIV趋势非常重要。
