Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
J Interpers Violence. 2022 Jan;37(1-2):301-321. doi: 10.1177/0886260520908022. Epub 2020 Mar 13.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major risk factor for postpartum depression (PPD), with 9% to 28% of PPD cases reporting IPV at some point in their lives. Yet little is known about how these phenomena are associated. We asked, "What direct and indirect pathways link IPV to PPD in women belonging to different ethnic-national groups in Israel?" We recruited a stratified sample of Jewish and Arab women, 18 to 48 years old and 6 months postpartum, during their visits to maternal and child health clinics. We computed path analyses to identify both direct and indirect predictors linking IPV frequency and PPD in a stratified sample of Jewish ( = 807) and Arab ( = 248) women. The overall rate of PPD was estimated at 10.3%, whereas the rate of IPV for the total sample was 36%. We identified a direct link between IPV and PPD. IPV also appeared to have an equivalent, indirect effect on PPD via greater chronic stress and reduced social support. IPV was greater and social support was lower for Arab women, who also reported higher PPD, independent of sociodemographic differences between ethnic groups (i.e., education, occupation). Of note, an unplanned pregnancy appeared to increase the risk of both IPV and PPD. Our findings suggest that complex pathways link IPV to PPD and that indirect effects of IPV are equivalent to its direct effects on postpartum women. These findings contribute to a growing international body of research showing the significant effects of IPV on health and well-being. The factors we identified as directly and indirectly associated with PPD might inform interventions to identify and treat PPD.
亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）是产后抑郁症（PPD）的一个主要风险因素，9%至 28%的 PPD 病例在其一生中的某个时候报告过 IPV。然而，人们对这些现象是如何相关的知之甚少。我们问道：“在属于不同民族群体的以色列妇女中，IPV 与 PPD 之间有哪些直接和间接的途径？”我们招募了一个分层样本，包括 18 至 48 岁和产后 6 个月的犹太和阿拉伯妇女，在她们访问母婴健康诊所时。我们计算了路径分析，以确定在一个犹太分层样本（= 807）和阿拉伯分层样本（= 248）中，IPV 频率与 PPD 之间的直接和间接预测因素。PPD 的总体发生率估计为 10.3%，而总样本的 IPV 发生率为 36%。我们发现 IPV 与 PPD 之间存在直接联系。IPV 似乎通过增加慢性压力和减少社会支持对 PPD 产生同等的间接影响。阿拉伯妇女的 IPV 更大，社会支持更低，而她们的 PPD 也更高，这独立于族裔群体之间的社会人口差异（即教育、职业）。值得注意的是，意外怀孕似乎增加了 IPV 和 PPD 的风险。我们的研究结果表明，复杂的途径将 IPV 与 PPD 联系起来，并且 IPV 的间接影响与其对产后妇女的直接影响相当。这些发现为越来越多的国际研究提供了支持，这些研究表明 IPV 对健康和福祉有重大影响。我们确定的与 PPD 直接和间接相关的因素可能为识别和治疗 PPD 的干预措施提供信息。
