Real-Time Avatar-Based Feedback to Enhance the Symmetry of Spatiotemporal Parameters After Stroke: Instantaneous Effects of Different Avatar Views.

Gait asymmetry, one of the hallmarks of post stroke locomotion, often persists despite gait rehabilitation interventions, impacting negatively on functional mobility. Real-time feedback and biological cues have been studied extensively in recent years, but their applicability to post-stroke gait symmetry remain questionable. This proof-of-concept study examined the feasibility and instantaneous effects of real-time visual feedback provided in the form of an avatar in twelve participants with stroke on gait symmetry and other gait-related outcomes. The visual avatar was presented via three different views from the back, front and paretic side. Avatar feedback from the paretic side view showed significant increase in bilateral step length, paretic swing time and treadmill walking speed, but no significant differences were found in symmetry measures in any of the three views. Those who had changes in symmetry ratio >0 were grouped as responders to spatial symmetry improvement in the side view. The responders had a significantly higher Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment foot score and presented with a larger initial step length on the paretic side. Furthermore, all participants provided positive feedback and no adverse effects were observed during the experiment. Overall, these findings suggest that real-time avatar-based feedback can be used as an intervention to improve post-stroke gait asymmetry.