Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL, London.
Nuffield Dept of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2020 May;15(3):157-164. doi: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000621.
The aim of this study was to identify similarities, differences and lessons to be shared from recent progress in HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunotherapeutic approaches.
Immune dysregulation is a hallmark of both HIV and HBV infection, which have shared routes of transmission, with approximately 10% of HIV-positive patients worldwide being coinfected with HBV. Immune modulation therapies to orchestrate effective innate and adaptive immune responses are currently being sought as potential strategies towards a functional cure in both HIV and HBV infection. These are based on activating immunological mechanisms that would allow durable control by triggering innate immunity, reviving exhausted endogenous responses and/or generating new immune responses. Recent technological advances and increased appreciation of humoral responses in the control of HIV have generated renewed enthusiasm in the cure field.
For both HIV and HBV infection, a primary consideration with immunomodulatory therapies continues to be a balance between generating highly effective immune responses and mitigating any significant toxicity. A large arsenal of new approaches and ongoing research offer the opportunity to define the pathways that underpin chronic infection and move closer to a functional cure.
目的综述：本研究旨在确定 HIV 和乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）免疫治疗方法的最新进展中有哪些相似之处、不同之处和值得借鉴的经验。
最近发现：免疫失调是 HIV 和 HBV 感染的共同特征，这两种病毒的传播途径相似，全世界约有 10%的 HIV 阳性患者同时感染了 HBV。目前正在寻找免疫调节疗法来协调有效的先天和适应性免疫反应，作为 HIV 和 HBV 感染功能性治愈的潜在策略。这些疗法基于激活免疫机制，通过触发先天免疫、恢复衰竭的内源性反应和/或产生新的免疫反应，从而实现持久控制。最近的技术进步和对 HIV 控制中体液免疫反应的认识提高，为治疗领域带来了新的活力。
总结：对于 HIV 和 HBV 感染，免疫调节疗法的一个主要考虑因素仍然是在产生高效免疫反应和减轻任何显著毒性之间取得平衡。大量新方法和正在进行的研究为确定慢性感染的潜在途径并朝着功能性治愈迈进提供了机会。
