MedGenome Labs Ltd., Kailash Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Muni Seva Ashram, P.O. Goraj, Tal. Waghodia, Dist. Vadodara, 391760, Gujarat, India.
Anand Diagnostic Laboratory (A Neuberg Associate), Neuberg Anand Reference Laboratory, Anand Tower, 54, Bowring Hospital Road, Shivajinagar, Bangalore - 560001, India.
Microb Pathog. 2020 Jun;143:104131. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104131. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
Cervical cancer is a growing and serious problem world-wide in women, but more acute in developing countries especially in Indian subcontinent. The main causative agent for the disease is Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). The history of the cervical cancer goes back to eighteenth century as the HPV infection is reported since 1800s. Presently, the genetic structure of HPV is well defined. Several screening tests including cytology and visual based screening and high risk HPV testing are available. Also available are various clinical and commercial diagnostic tests. However due to the lack of awareness and population-based screening programs, the morbidity and mortality rate is alarmingly high. There are new emerging biomarkers including E6/E7 mRNA, p16, markers of aberrant S-phase induction, chromosomal abnormalities and miRNAs along with advanced genotyping methods. These markers have clinical significance and are helpful in disease prevention and management. Further, recent advancement in the field of metagenomics has increased the prospects of identifying newer microbes, viruses hitherto reported thus far in the context of HPV infection. Analysis of HPV cases using modern tools including genotyping using more powerful biomarkers is envisaged to enhance the prospects of early diagnosis, better prognosis, more reliable treatment and eventual management of the disease.
宫颈癌是全球女性面临的一个日益严重的问题，但在发展中国家特别是印度次大陆更为严重。该疾病的主要致病因子是人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）。宫颈癌的历史可以追溯到 18 世纪，因为自 19 世纪以来就有 HPV 感染的报道。目前，HPV 的遗传结构已经得到很好的定义。目前有多种筛查试验，包括细胞学和基于视觉的筛查以及高危型 HPV 检测。也有各种临床和商业诊断测试。然而，由于缺乏意识和基于人群的筛查计划，发病率和死亡率高得惊人。新出现的生物标志物包括 E6/E7mRNA、p16、异常 S 期诱导标志物、染色体异常和 miRNAs 以及先进的基因分型方法。这些标志物具有临床意义，有助于疾病的预防和管理。此外，宏基因组学领域的最新进展增加了识别新微生物的前景，这些微生物和病毒迄今为止在 HPV 感染的背景下得到了报道。使用现代工具（包括使用更强大的生物标志物进行基因分型）分析 HPV 病例，有望提高早期诊断、更好的预后、更可靠的治疗和最终疾病管理的前景。
