Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Dermatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Dermatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
An Bras Dermatol. 2021 Mar-Apr;96(2):125-138. doi: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.11.005. Epub 2021 Feb 16.
In this nonsystematic review, the complementary diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of human papillomavirus are discussed. The histopathology is addressed regarding its indications, main findings and limitations, as a complementary diagnostic method largely used by dermatologists. Electron microscopy is briefly reviewed, along with its contribution to the accumulated knowledge on HPV, as well as the relevance of research in using this technology for future advances in diagnosis and treatment. Molecular information about the virus is continuously increasing, and the practical applications of HPV serology, molecular identification and genotyping are discussed. Vaccines are a valuable tool in primary HPV infection prevention and are now available in many countries; their composition, indications, and adverse effects are revisited. Local and systemic treatment options are reviewed and off-label prescriptions are discussed. Finally, health education focusing on HPV infection as a sexually transmitted infection of worldwide relevance and the many barriers to improve primary and secondary prevention are addressed.
在本次非系统性综述中，我们讨论了人乳头瘤病毒的辅助诊断、治疗、预防和控制。我们探讨了组织病理学的适应证、主要发现和局限性，以及作为皮肤科医生广泛使用的辅助诊断方法。我们还简要回顾了电子显微镜技术，及其对 HPV 知识积累的贡献，以及该技术在诊断和治疗方面未来进展的研究相关性。有关该病毒的分子信息不断增加，我们讨论了 HPV 血清学、分子鉴定和基因分型的实际应用。疫苗是预防原发性 HPV 感染的有效工具，目前已在许多国家使用；我们重新审视了它们的组成、适应证和不良反应。我们还回顾了局部和全身治疗选择，并讨论了超适应证处方。最后，我们重点关注 HPV 感染作为一种具有全球相关性的性传播感染，以及改善初级和二级预防的诸多障碍，开展了健康教育。
