Laser Lab, Chemistry & Environment Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
Laser Chemistry Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jun 15;721:137702. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137702. Epub 2020 Mar 3.
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) measurements and backward air mass trajectory analysis using the HYSPLIT model were performed to better understand the main sources and transport pathways of heavy metals in atmospheric aerosols reaching the Antarctic region. Field campaigns were carried out during the austral summer 2016-2017 at the "Gabriel de Castilla" Spanish Antarctic Research Station, located on Deception Island. Aerosols were deposited in an air filter through a low-volume sampler and chemically analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The study of air masses and high enrichment factor values of several elements (Hf, Zr, As, Cu, Sn, Zn, Pb) together with their correlations (Hf/Zr, V/As, Ti/Mn and Cu/Sn) suggests a potentially significant role of three main sources in this area: remote maritime traffic, local petrol combustion (generators and/or tourist cruises), and remote/local crust. Additionally, the investigation of atmospheric flow patterns through backward trajectory analysis revealed that Hf/Zr correlation was related to a remote crustal origin, V/As to anthropogenic local pollution, Ti/Mn to terrestrial inputs on the island and Cu/Sn to remote anthropogenic sources. Overall, the present study demonstrates the existence of anthropogenic pollution at this remote site from distant as well as local sources following the Antarctic circumpolar wind pattern.
悬浮颗粒物（SPM）测量和使用 HYSPLIT 模型的后向气团轨迹分析，旨在更好地了解到达南极地区大气气溶胶中重金属的主要来源和传输途径。2016-2017 年南极夏季在位于欺骗岛的西班牙加布里埃尔·德·卡斯蒂利亚南极研究站进行了实地考察。气溶胶通过小体积采样器沉积在空气过滤器上，并使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）进行化学分析。气团的研究以及几种元素（Hf、Zr、As、Cu、Sn、Zn、Pb）的高富集因子值及其相关性（Hf/Zr、V/As、Ti/Mn 和 Cu/Sn）表明，该地区存在三个主要来源：远程海上交通、当地汽油燃烧（发电机和/或旅游游轮）以及远程/当地地壳。此外，通过后向轨迹分析研究大气流动模式表明，Hf/Zr 相关性与远程地壳起源有关，V/As 与人为本地污染有关，Ti/Mn 与岛上的陆地输入有关，Cu/Sn 与远程人为源有关。总的来说，本研究表明，在这个远离南极的偏远地点，存在着来自遥远和本地来源的人为污染，这些污染是按照南极环极风模式进行的。
