Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, University of Idaho, 3059F National Fish Hatchery Road, Hagerman, ID, 83332, USA.
Sci Rep. 2020 Mar 13;10(1):4678. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61360-0.
Replacement of fishmeal in feeds is critical for sustainable aquaculture growth. However, replacement with plant protein concentrates reduces fish performance. A rainbow trout strain selected for high performance on a plant protein diet was compared to a non-selected strain to identify physiological mechanisms associated with improved performance. Nutrient digestibility in fishmeal and plant protein diets was assessed and no strain differences were found. Levels of amino acids in the hepatic portal vein and caudal vein were measured at intervals after a single force-feeding of fishmeal, four plant protein concentrates, and a mixture of the concentrates with or without supplementation of three limiting amino acids. Each ingredient affected plasma amino acid levels in a singular manner when fed individually but without predictable additive effects when fed as a mixture. Amino acid supplementation altered uptake and plasma concentrations of all the essential amino acids. The selected trout strain fed the plant protein mixture with amino acids showed a synchronous and homogenous pattern for essential amino acids over time in the hepatic portal vein in contrast to that of the non-selected strain. The results demonstrate that selection favorably altered temporal dynamics of plant protein digestion.
饲料中鱼粉的替代对于可持续水产养殖的增长至关重要。然而，用植物蛋白浓缩物替代会降低鱼类的性能。本研究比较了一种经过选育以适应植物蛋白饮食的虹鳟品系和一种未经选育的品系，以确定与性能提高相关的生理机制。评估了鱼粉和植物蛋白饲料中的养分消化率，未发现品种差异。在单次强制投喂鱼粉、四种植物蛋白浓缩物以及浓缩物与或不添加三种必需氨基酸的混合物后，每隔一段时间测量肝门静脉和尾静脉中的氨基酸水平。当单独喂食时，每种成分都会以独特的方式影响血浆氨基酸水平，但作为混合物喂食时没有可预测的累加效应。氨基酸补充改变了所有必需氨基酸的吸收和血浆浓度。与未经选育的品系相比，用含氨基酸的植物蛋白混合物喂养的选育虹鳟品系在肝门静脉中的必需氨基酸表现出随时间同步和均匀的模式。结果表明，选择有利于改变植物蛋白消化的时间动态。
