Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA.
Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Dr. Life Science II, Room 175, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
Sci Rep. 2021 May 25;11(1):10899. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89803-2.
Nutritional Programming (NP) has been studied as a means of improving dietary plant protein (PP) utilization in different fish species. This study investigated the use of enriched live feed as a vehicle for NP in larval fish. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of NP induced during the larval stage via PP-enriched live feed on: (1) growth performance; (2) expression of genes associated with inflammation and any morphological changes in the intestine; and (3) muscle free amino acid composition in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) during its later life stages. Two diets were used in this study, a fish meal (FM)-based diet, and a soybean mean (SBM)-based diet, serving as the PP diet. There were 4 groups in this study. The two control groups, ( +) Control and (-) Control, were not programmed and received the FM-diet and SBM-diet, respectively throughout the whole trial after the live feed stage (27-122 days post hatch (dph). The next group, programmed, was programmed with SBM-enriched Artemia nauplii during the live feed stage (4-26 dph) and challenged with the SBM-diet during the final stage of the study (79-122 dph). The final group, non-programmed, did not receive any programming and, was challenged with the SBM-diet during the final stage of the study. The programmed group experienced a significantly higher (%) weight gain during the PP-Challenge than the non-programmed group. In addition, the live feed programming resulted in significantly longer distal villi, and a higher villi length to width ratio, compared to the non-programmed group. No significant effects on free amino acid composition and gene expression were observed between the programmed and non-programmed group, except for an increased post-prandial concentration of free proline in the programmed group. The results of this study support use of live feed as a vehicle for nutritional programming and improving the growth performance of largemouth bass fed with a SBM-based diet.
营养编程（NP）已被研究用于提高不同鱼类的膳食植物蛋白（PP）利用率。本研究调查了利用富营养活饲料作为 NP 在幼鱼中的载体。本研究的目的是确定通过 PP 富集活饲料在幼鱼阶段诱导的 NP 对以下方面的影响：（1）生长性能；（2）与炎症相关的基因表达以及肠道的任何形态变化；以及（3）后期生活阶段大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）肌肉游离氨基酸组成。本研究使用了两种饲料，一种是鱼粉（FM）基础饲料，另一种是大豆粉（SBM）基础饲料，作为 PP 饲料。本研究有 4 个组。两个对照组（+）Control 和（-）Control 未编程，在活饲料阶段后（孵化后 27-122 天）分别接受 FM 饮食和 SBM 饮食。下一组编程组在活饲料阶段（4-26 天）用 SBM 富集丰年虫进行编程，并在研究的最后阶段（79-122 天）用 SBM 饮食进行挑战。最后一组非编程组未接受任何编程，并在研究的最后阶段接受 SBM 饮食的挑战。编程组在 PP 挑战期间的体重增加（%）明显高于非编程组。此外，与非编程组相比，活饲料编程导致远端绒毛更长，绒毛长度与宽度比更高。除编程组餐后游离脯氨酸浓度增加外，编程组和非编程组之间游离氨基酸组成和基因表达没有观察到显著影响。本研究结果支持使用活饲料作为营养编程的载体，并提高以 SBM 为基础的饮食喂养的大口黑鲈的生长性能。
