Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Sci Rep. 2020 Mar 13;10(1):4661. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60639-6.
Noroviruses are known to bind to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) and the specific binding patterns depend on the virus genotype. However, the development of point-of-care diagnostic assays based on this binding has been challenging due to low assay sensitivity. This study utilized a well-defined stool collection from a GII.2 Snow Mountain Virus (SMV) human challenge study to investigate virus recovery from stool and emesis samples using HBGA-coated beads. SMV was recovered from H type III-coated beads for 13 stool specimens out of 27 SMV-positive specimens tested. After adjusting for non-specific binding to PEG-coated beads, the mean percent recovery by H type III-coated beads was 308.11% +/- 861.61. Recovery by H type III ligands was subject-specific and weakly correlated with stool consistency. Input virus titer was not correlated with SMV recovery. The results suggest that the generally low virus recovery we observed may be due to bead saturation or hindrance by existing glycans in the matrix that precluded the virus from being captured by the synthetic glycans. These results indicate a strong role for subject-specific and matrix effects in HBGA binding by SMV. Further investigation of the nature of this interference is needed to facilitate development of high sensitivity diagnostic assays.
诺如病毒已知可与组织血型抗原（HBGAs）结合，具体的结合模式取决于病毒基因型。然而，由于检测灵敏度低，基于这种结合的即时诊断检测试剂的开发一直具有挑战性。本研究利用来自 GII.2 雪山病毒（SMV）人体挑战研究的明确粪便采集物，使用 HBGA 包被珠来研究从粪便和呕吐物样本中回收病毒的情况。在对 PEG 包被珠的非特异性结合进行调整后，在 27 份 SMV 阳性样本中有 13 份从 H 型 III 包被珠中回收了 SMV。H 型 III 包被珠的平均回收百分比为 308.11% +/- 861.61。H 型 III 配体的回收率具有个体特异性，与粪便稠度弱相关。输入病毒滴度与 SMV 回收率无关。结果表明，我们观察到的通常较低的病毒回收率可能是由于珠的饱和或基质中现有聚糖的阻碍，使病毒无法被合成聚糖捕获。这些结果表明，SMV 与 HBGA 的结合受到个体特异性和基质效应的强烈影响。需要进一步研究这种干扰的性质，以促进高灵敏度诊断检测试剂的开发。
