Bani Ismail Zuhair, Al-Nabulsi Farah, Abu-Basha Ehab, Hananeh Wael
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2020 Sep;52(5):2371-2377. doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-02166-9. Epub 2020 Mar 13.
The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of on-farm risk factors and health effects associated with contamination of dairy feeds with aflatoxins (AFs), zearalenone (ZEN), trichothecenes (T-2), deoxynivalenol (DON), and fumonisins (FB) in Jordan. A pre-tested and validated questionnaire was used to determine on-farm practices and health effects associated with high levels of mycotoxins. A total of 88 feed samples were collected from the 37 farms participating in the study and analyzed using commercially available ELISA kits. The mean total AF concentration exceeded the European Union (EU) limit in alfalfa (4%) and total mixed ration (TMR) (3%) samples. Similarly, levels exceeding EU limits were observed for T-2 in alfalfa (29%), TMR (30%), and corn silage (4%). The average concentrations of ZEN and FB were 300 ppb and 11,638 ppb, respectively, which were below the EU maximum limits in all feed samples examined. Intensive management system (OR = 7.70), imported feed (OR = 3.40), feed storage on the farm for more than 1-month duration (OR = 7.90), and not using antitoxins (OR = 2.30) were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with high levels of mycotoxins in feed samples. A significant correlation (P < 0.05) was evident between the presence of mycotoxins in dairy feed and feed refusal (R = 0.70), low milk production (R = 0.50), diarrhea problems (R = 0.60), infertility (R = 0.50), and repeated breeder problems (R = 0.80). Results show that mycotoxin contamination in dairy feeds is a problem in Jordan, and appropriate measures need to be undertaken to reduce risks to human and animal health and improve production.
本研究的目的是确定约旦农场中与黄曲霉毒素（AFs）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）、单端孢霉烯族毒素（T-2）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）和伏马菌素（FB）污染乳制品饲料相关的农场风险因素及健康影响。采用经过预测试和验证的问卷来确定与高水平霉菌毒素相关的农场做法及健康影响。从参与研究的37个农场共采集了88份饲料样本，并使用市售酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒进行分析。苜蓿（4%）和全混合日粮（TMR）（3%）样本中的总AF平均浓度超过了欧盟限量。同样，苜蓿（29%）、TMR（30%）和玉米青贮（4%）中T-2的含量也超过了欧盟限量。ZEN和FB的平均浓度分别为300 ppb和11,638 ppb，在所检测的所有饲料样本中均低于欧盟最高限量。集约化管理系统（比值比[OR]=7.70）、进口饲料（OR=3.40）、饲料在农场储存超过1个月（OR=7.90）以及未使用抗毒素（OR=2.30）与饲料样本中高水平霉菌毒素显著相关（P<0.05）。乳制品饲料中霉菌毒素的存在与拒食（相关系数[R]=0.70）、低产奶量（R=0.50）、腹泻问题（R=0.60）、不孕（R=0.50）和屡配不孕问题（R=0.80）之间存在显著相关性（P<0.05）。结果表明，约旦乳制品饲料中的霉菌毒素污染是一个问题，需要采取适当措施降低对人类和动物健康的风险并提高产量。
