Chambers Thomas M, Reedy Stephanie E
Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2123:401-412. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0346-8_31.
Serologic tests for equine influenza virus (EIV) antibodies are used for many purposes, including retrospective diagnosis, subtyping of virus isolates, antigenic comparison of different virus strains, and measurement of immune responses to EIV vaccines. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, single radial hemolysis (SRH), and serum micro-neutralization tests are the most widely used for these purposes and are described here. The presence of inhibitors of hemagglutination in equine serum complicates interpretation of HI assay results, and there are alternative protocols (receptor-destroying enzyme, periodate, trypsin-periodate) for their removal. With the EIV H3N8 strains in particular, equine antibody titers may be magnified by pre-treating the HI test antigen with Tween-80 and ether. The SRH assay offers stronger correlations between serum antibody titers and protection from disease. Other tests are sometimes used for specialized purposes such as the neuraminidase-inhibition assay for subtyping, or ELISA for measuring different specific antibody isotypes, and are not described here.
马流感病毒（EIV）抗体的血清学检测有多种用途，包括回顾性诊断、病毒分离株的亚型鉴定、不同病毒株的抗原比较以及对EIV疫苗免疫反应的测定。血凝抑制（HI）试验、单向辐射溶血（SRH）试验和血清微量中和试验是最常用于这些目的的方法，在此进行描述。马血清中血凝抑制因子的存在使HI试验结果的解释变得复杂，有替代方案（受体破坏酶、高碘酸盐、胰蛋白酶-高碘酸盐）用于去除这些抑制因子。特别是对于EIV H3N8毒株，用吐温-80和乙醚预处理HI试验抗原可提高马抗体效价。SRH试验在血清抗体效价与疾病防护之间具有更强的相关性。其他试验有时用于特殊目的，如用于亚型鉴定的神经氨酸酶抑制试验或用于测量不同特异性抗体亚型的ELISA试验，在此不做描述。
