Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India.
Present address: Department of Postharvest Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Volcani Center, Agriculture Research Organization, HaMaccabim Road 68, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
BMC Plant Biol. 2020 Mar 14;20(1):116. doi: 10.1186/s12870-020-2318-5.
Developing fruit is considered as an excellent model to study the complex network of metabolites which are altered rapidly during development.
Metabolomics revealed that developing psyllium fruit is a rich source of primary metabolites (ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids and amino-acids), secondary metabolites and natural antioxidants. Eidonomy and anatomy confirmed that psyllium fruit followed five stages of development. Total lipids and fatty acids were synthesized differentially; saturated fatty acids (FAs) increased, whereas total polyunsaturated FAs decreased with increasing developmental stage. The unsaturation index and degree of unsaturation showed a catenary curve. Principal component analysis confirmed a significant shift in the FA profile from bud initiation to the maturation stage. Similarly, a similar level of total amino acids was present at different developmental stage following a temporal biosynthesis pathway. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents decreased in tandem with fruit development. Twenty-two different metabolites were identified, and metabolic changes were also observed during fruit development. Six metabolites were detected exclusively in the flowering stage, whereas two were detected in each of early and maturity stages of development. The metabolites apigenin and kaempferol were detected ubiquitously in all developmental stages. Time-dependent metabolomics revealed a shift in metabolite biosynthesis.
During fruit development, metabolites, FAs, amino acids, total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidants and scavenging activities changed progressively and were co-ordinately linked to each other. As a future perspective, further studies will focus on the validation of identified metabolites, which integrated with transcriptomics data and will reveal the metabolic regulatory network of development psyllium fruit.
发育中的果实被认为是研究代谢物复杂网络的极好模型，这些代谢物在发育过程中迅速发生变化。
代谢组学研究表明，发育中的亚麻籽果实是初级代谢物（ω-3 和 ω-6 脂肪酸和氨基酸）、次生代谢物和天然抗氧化剂的丰富来源。分类学和解剖学证实，亚麻籽果实经历了五个发育阶段。总脂质和脂肪酸的合成存在差异；随着发育阶段的增加，饱和脂肪酸（FAs）增加，而总多不饱和 FAs 减少。不饱和度指数和不饱和度呈链状曲线。主成分分析证实，FA 图谱从萌芽期到成熟期有明显变化。同样，不同发育阶段的总氨基酸水平也遵循时间合成途径。总酚类和类黄酮含量随果实发育而同步下降。鉴定出 22 种不同的代谢物，并且在果实发育过程中也观察到代谢变化。在开花期检测到 6 种特有代谢物，而在早期和成熟阶段各检测到 2 种代谢物。代谢物芹菜素和山奈酚在所有发育阶段均普遍存在。时间依赖性代谢组学揭示了代谢物生物合成的转变。
在果实发育过程中，代谢物、脂肪酸、氨基酸、总酚类、总类黄酮、抗氧化剂和清除活性逐渐变化，并相互协调。未来的研究将集中于验证鉴定出的代谢物，将其与转录组学数据结合，揭示发育中亚麻籽果实的代谢调控网络。
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